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<feed xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"><title>Attention Span History</title><link href="https://blog.trentpalmer.org/" rel="alternate"></link><link href="https://blog.trentpalmer.org/feeds/all.atom.xml" rel="self"></link><id>https://blog.trentpalmer.org/</id><updated>2021-07-29T00:00:00-07:00</updated><entry><title>Lohengrin</title><link href="https://blog.trentpalmer.org/lohengrin.html" rel="alternate"></link><published>2021-07-29T00:00:00-07:00</published><updated>2021-07-29T00:00:00-07:00</updated><author><name>Trent Palmer</name></author><id>tag:blog.trentpalmer.org,2021-07-29:/lohengrin.html</id><summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Have you heard of &lt;a href="https://open.spotify.com/album/3NtcDdgDLlnptu72CWBxWM" target="_blank"&gt;Lohengrin&lt;/a&gt;?
It is a German Opera written and composed by
&lt;a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Wagner" target="_blank"&gt;Richard Wagner&lt;/a&gt;
in 1850. I happen to think that German Opera is more
entertaining than Italian Opera, but enough about me.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;King Ludwig II&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Which brings me to
&lt;a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig_II_of_Bavaria" target="_blank"&gt;King Ludwig II of Bavaria&lt;/a&gt;.
If I understand …&lt;/p&gt;</summary><content type="html">&lt;p&gt;Have you heard of &lt;a href="https://open.spotify.com/album/3NtcDdgDLlnptu72CWBxWM" target="_blank"&gt;Lohengrin&lt;/a&gt;?
It is a German Opera written and composed by
&lt;a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Wagner" target="_blank"&gt;Richard Wagner&lt;/a&gt;
in 1850. I happen to think that German Opera is more
entertaining than Italian Opera, but enough about me.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;King Ludwig II&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Which brings me to
&lt;a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig_II_of_Bavaria" target="_blank"&gt;King Ludwig II of Bavaria&lt;/a&gt;.
If I understand correctly,
King Ludwig was very fond of Lohengrin, and built
&lt;a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuschwanstein_Castle" target="_blank"&gt;Neuschwanstein Castle&lt;/a&gt;
as a private world for himself where he could live alone in a fantasy
inspired by the
&lt;em&gt;&lt;a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knight_of_the_Swan" target="_blank"&gt;Knight of the Swan Legend&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;,
on which Lohengrin is based.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;But don't judge King Ludwig II too harshly: he was after all a cigar connoisseur,
drove a smoking-hot golden carriage, and Neuschwanstein Castle is
an excellent place to take selfies. You really should visit the
&lt;a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marstallmuseum" target="_blank"&gt;Marstallmuseum&lt;/a&gt;
at &lt;a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nymphenburg_Palace" target="_blank"&gt;Nymphenburg Palace in Munich&lt;/a&gt; and see the
&lt;a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:New_Dress_Coach_of_King_Ludwig_II.jpg" target="_blank"&gt;golden carriage&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Needless to say, Lohengrin is quite different from the
&lt;a href="https://open.spotify.com/album/2g12QZ0wXFoyOyDo8nUUsM" target="_blank"&gt;Strauss Operas&lt;/a&gt;
that your great-great-great Grandmother used to listen to on
her smartphone in the bathtub.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;Lohengrin&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;So what happens in Lohengrin?
&lt;a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_the_Fowler" target="_blank"&gt;King Henry the Fowler&lt;/a&gt;
fights the &lt;a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungarians" target="_blank"&gt;Magyars&lt;/a&gt;.
This means we have to talk about the Magyars, King Henry's Son
&lt;a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" target="_blank"&gt;King Otto I&lt;/a&gt;,
the &lt;a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Lechfeld" target="_blank"&gt;Battle of Augsburg&lt;/a&gt;
which is sometimes called the Battle of Lechfeld,
and the &lt;a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongols" target="_blank"&gt;Mongols&lt;/a&gt;!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;Magyars&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ok, the Magyars are descended from a nomadic-steppe-people who settled on
the &lt;a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Hungarian_Plain" target="_blank"&gt;Hungarian Plain&lt;/a&gt;,
which is sometimes called the Carpathian Plain.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Unfortunately for them, the Hungarian Plain was not quite vast
enough to support a prosperous nomadic lifestyle. And so for some hundreds
of years, the Magyars raided and pillaged all over Europe. It should be noted that
Hungary considers 1896 to be the 1000th anniversary of the Magyars entering the Carpathian Plain,
and in that year many memorials, monuments, and museums were
&lt;a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Budapest#19th_century" target="_blank"&gt;built in Budapest&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;As stated above, the Magyars came into conflict with King Henry the Fowler
who was the King of
&lt;a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Francia" target="_blank"&gt;East Frankia&lt;/a&gt;.
East Frankia evolved from the Eastern Parts of the
&lt;a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carolingian_Empire"&gt;Carolingian Empire&lt;/a&gt;
that was originally put together by
&lt;a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlemagne" target="_blank"&gt;Charlemagne&lt;/a&gt;.
Indeed, there is today a region of Bavaria called
&lt;a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franconia" target="_blank"&gt;Franconia&lt;/a&gt;, which has
&lt;a href="https://www.vgn.de/en/tickets/all-day-ticket-plus/" target="_blank"&gt;excellent regional passenger trains&lt;/a&gt;
connecting innumerable picturesque little cities and towns
which are perfect for taking &lt;a href="https://photos.app.goo.gl/odqMdaJvpB528WaQ8" target="_blank"&gt;selfies&lt;/a&gt;
and &lt;a href="https://photos.app.goo.gl/vLCGa7c8xAqEJ15D8" target="_blank"&gt;drinking the local bier&lt;/a&gt;.
But I digress.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;Battle of Lechfeld&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The Magyars were finally defeated by King Henry the Fowler's son King Otto I
near Augsburg in 955, &lt;a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augsburg" target="_blank"&gt;Augsburg&lt;/a&gt;
being an ancient city in Bavaria that goes all
the way back to the Roman Empire.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;King Otto I of East Frankia was the greatest King since Charlemagne, and the
Battle of Lechfeld was equal in importance to the
&lt;a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Hastings" target="_blank"&gt;Battle of Hastings in 1066&lt;/a&gt;,
in the context of European History, but deeper analysis of that is above my
pay grade. (This is a free blog post)&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;Recommended&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Anyway, the Magyars gave up their raiding, became Christianized, and adopted
a more agrarian lifestyle on the Hungarian Plain where they founded the Nation
of Hungary around the year 1000. In the 13th Century, the Mongols invaded Hungary,
&lt;a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Mongol_invasion_of_Hungary" target="_blank"&gt;but were never able to advance beyond Hungary into Western Europe&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;For more riveting entertainment about the Mongols, I recommend Dan Carlin's Hardcore
History Podcast, in particular the subseries &lt;em&gt;Wrath of The Khans&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Thanks for reading, I'm fresh out of cigars.&lt;/p&gt;</content><category term="Opera"></category><category term="Franks"></category><category term="Magyars"></category><category term="Mongols"></category></entry><entry><title>Battle In The Middle Ages</title><link href="https://blog.trentpalmer.org/battle-in-the-middle-ages.html" rel="alternate"></link><published>2021-07-27T00:00:00-07:00</published><updated>2021-07-27T00:00:00-07:00</updated><author><name>Trent Palmer</name></author><id>tag:blog.trentpalmer.org,2021-07-27:/battle-in-the-middle-ages.html</id><summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;There were three type of battles in Europe in the Middle Ages:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="#raids"&gt;Raids&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="#sieges"&gt;Sieges&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="#field-battles"&gt;Field-Battles&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There were two types of soldiers in Europe in the Middle Ages:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;cavalry&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;and infantry.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;h3 id="raids"&gt;Raids&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Infantry tended to not be used in raids, because horses had
the advantage in speed and mobility.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3 id="sieges"&gt;Sieges&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cavalry …&lt;/p&gt;</summary><content type="html">&lt;p&gt;There were three type of battles in Europe in the Middle Ages:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="#raids"&gt;Raids&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="#sieges"&gt;Sieges&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="#field-battles"&gt;Field-Battles&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There were two types of soldiers in Europe in the Middle Ages:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;cavalry&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;and infantry.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;h3 id="raids"&gt;Raids&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Infantry tended to not be used in raids, because horses had
the advantage in speed and mobility.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3 id="sieges"&gt;Sieges&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cavalry were not much use in sieges, but when infantry were not
available, the cavalry could obviously dismount.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Later in the Middle Ages, infantry began using CrossBows, which
were easy to use, and effective in sieges. And so, when infantry
were available for sieges, they would often use CrossBows, and
would often be Mercenaries.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3 id="field-battles"&gt;Field-Battles&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In set-piece battles, cavalry and infantry could work together.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;For instance cavalry could not charge infantry that were in tight formation
with spears. But cavalry were useful for attacking the enemy's flanks,
and for pursuit in the case of a rout. However, for economic reasons,
most field battles were fought between cavalry because it was too
expensive to muster both cavalry and infantry most of the time.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;Crusades&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The Crusades demonstrate that although most field battles in
Europe during the Middle Ages were fought between Cavalry, the warriors
of that age were capable of more sophisticated tactics.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Here it should be noted, that because lands to the East tended to
be more arid, the opponents fighting against the European Crusaders
were more skilled on horseback and with the bow and arrow. Eastern-style
fighting was much more cavalry-oriented.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;What tipped the scale in favour of the Crusaders in certain battles
that they won, was the fact that the CrossBow could outrange the bow-and-arrow.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;So, the Crusaders would line up infantry with edged-weapons in front,
behind them would be CrossBow Infantry, with Cavalry protecting the flanks.
The edged-weapon infantry would protect the CrossBowMen, who would shoot
over the top and protect the edged-weapon infantry from enemy harrassment.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;Recommended&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This blog post is inspired by
&lt;a href="https://wittenbergtowestphaliapodcast.weebly.com/" target="_blank"&gt;Wittenberg To Westphalia Podcast&lt;/a&gt;, specifically
&lt;a href="https://wittenbergtowestphaliapodcast.weebly.com/blog/episode-38-warfare-in-the-middle-ages-part-1" target="_blank"&gt;Episode 38&lt;/a&gt;,
&lt;a href="https://wittenbergtowestphaliapodcast.weebly.com/blog/episode-39-what-is-war-baby-dont-hurt-me" target="_blank"&gt;Episode 39&lt;/a&gt;, and
&lt;a href="https://wittenbergtowestphaliapodcast.weebly.com/blog/episode-40-the-actual-war-bits" target="_blank"&gt;Episode 40&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</content><category term="Battle"></category><category term="CrossBow"></category><category term="Sieges"></category><category term="Raids"></category></entry></feed>