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+Title: Hillbillies
+Date: 2021-09-01
+Tags: Appalachia, Hillbillies, Ulster, Scots-Irish, King William III
+Category: Etymology
+
+*[Hillbillies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillbilly){target="_blank"}*
+are so called because their
+*[Ulster-Scots](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulster_Scots_people){target="_blank"}*
+Ancestors supported King William III during the Williamite War.
+
+## Ulster
+You may be familiar with current events in Northern Ireland. This history goes back to
+a time when Scots from Southern Scotland and Northern England colonized
+*[Ulster](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulster){target="_blank"}*
+which is Northern Ireland.
+
+### Scottish Marches
+But why did the Ulster-Scots migrate from the
+*[Scottish Marches](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_Marches){target="_blank"}*
+to Northern Ireland?
+
+There is an oft-repeated scenario in Medievel Europe involving something called a
+[March](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_(territory)){target="_blank"}.
+Please click through to the Wikipedia Article to see the long list of Marches
+all over Europe!
+
+To summarize, a March is a border region or frontier
+region where the Presiding Lord, often titled a
+[Marquise](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marquess){target="_blank"}
+was allowed additional fortifications and military capability above and
+beyond that allowed ordinary Nobility.
+
+And so this oft-repeated scenario was that in a border region or March,
+the local Nobility would have the means to enrich themselves with repeated
+cross-border raids. But this unfortunately always came at the expense of
+the local population, thus the motivation to flee to Ulster.
+
+### King William III
+So let's circle back.
+
+Hillbillies were so called because their
+Ulster-Scots Ancestors supported
+[King Billy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_III_of_England){target="_blank"}
+during the
+[Williamite War](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williamite_War_in_Ireland){target="_blank"}.
+
+Also known as *William of Orange*, he was installed
+as King of England during a coup known as the
+[Glorious Revolution](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glorious_Revolution){target="_blank"}
+in 1688, in which
+[King James II](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glorious_Revolution){target="_blank"} was deposed.
+
+### King James II (and VII)
+So what was King James' problem?
+
+King James II was thown out of office because he
+was Catholic, because his second wife
+[Mary of Modena](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_of_Modena){target="_blank"}
+was also Catholic, and because together they parented 
+[James Francis Edward](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Francis_Edward_Stuart){target="_blank"}
+and raised him as a Catholic.
+
+### Williamite War
+Ok, let's circle back to the Williamite War in 1689.
+
+It turns out that while King James II was deposed as King of England, Ireland, and Scotland,
+he still had an armed force in Ireland with which he fought a war against, and
+was defeated by, King William III in Northern Ireland. This is when the Ulster-Scots
+became known as supporters of King Billy.
+
+### Anglo-Dutch Wars 
+But why was William of Orange installed as King?
+I am not going to answer this question.
+
+But it should be noted that William of Orange was also the ruler
+of Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Guelders, and the Dutch Republic.
+And the context for this is that throughout the 17th Century,
+England and the Netherlands had been fighting a series of
+disastrous and expensive wars against
+each other known collectively as the
+[Anglo-Dutch Wars](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-Dutch_Wars){target="_blank"}.
+
+Indeed it was just prior to the Second Anglo-Dutch War
+that New Amsterdam became New York.
+
+The purpose of the Anglo-Dutch Wars was to establish control
+of International Colonial Trade, but it was believed that
+having a single King and Ruler of both England and several
+countries in the Lowlands would create peace.
+
+### Principality of Orange
+As an interesting aside, let's just point out that the
+[Principality of Orange](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principality_of_Orange){target="_blank"}
+came into existence in 1163 per Holy Roman Emperor
+[Frederick Barbarossa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor){target="_blank"}
+in order to serve as a March in the context of his
+conflict with the Papacy.
+
+### Recommended
+[Born Fighting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Born_Fighting){target="_blank"} is a
+[Book](https://www.amazon.com/Born-Fighting-Scots-Irish-Shaped-America/dp/0767916891){target="_blank"}
+written by [Senator James Webb](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Webb){target="_blank"}.
+
+While I have not read the book, the Television Series Born Fighting
+from the Smithsonian Channel is also narrated by Senator James Webb
+and is very fun and interesting to watch.