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<h2 class="entry-title">
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<a href="https://blog.trentpalmer.org/hillbillies.html" rel="bookmark"
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title="Permalink to Hillbillies">Hillbillies</a></h2>
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<time class="published" datetime="2021-09-01T00:00:00-07:00">
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Wed 01 September 2021
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<address class="vcard author">
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By <a class="url fn" href="https://blog.trentpalmer.org/author/trent-palmer.html">Trent Palmer</a>
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<div class="category">
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Category: <a href="https://blog.trentpalmer.org/category/etymology.html">Etymology</a>
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<div class="tags">
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Tags:
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<a href="https://blog.trentpalmer.org/tag/appalachia.html">Appalachia</a>
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<a href="https://blog.trentpalmer.org/tag/hillbillies.html">Hillbillies</a>
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<a href="https://blog.trentpalmer.org/tag/ulster.html">Ulster</a>
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<a href="https://blog.trentpalmer.org/tag/scots-irish.html">Scots-Irish</a>
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<a href="https://blog.trentpalmer.org/tag/king-william-iii.html">King William III</a>
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</footer><!-- /.post-info -->
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<div class="entry-content">
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<p><em><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillbilly" target="_blank">Hillbillies</a></em>
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are so called because their
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<em><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulster_Scots_people" target="_blank">Ulster-Scots</a></em>
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Ancestors supported King William III during the Williamite War.</p>
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<h3>Ulster</h3>
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<p>You may be familiar with current events in Northern Ireland. This history goes back to
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a time when Scots from Southern Scotland and Northern England colonized
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<em><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulster" target="_blank">Ulster</a></em>
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which is Northern Ireland.</p>
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<h3>Scottish Marches</h3>
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<p>But why did the Ulster-Scots migrate from the
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<em><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_Marches" target="_blank">Scottish Marches</a></em>
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to Northern Ireland?</p>
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<p>There is an oft-repeated scenario in Medievel Europe involving something called a
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<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_(territory)" target="_blank">March</a>.
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Please click through to the Wikipedia Article to see the long list of Marches
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all over Europe!</p>
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<p>To summarize, a March is a border region or frontier
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region where the Presiding Lord, often titled a
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<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marquess" target="_blank">Marquise</a>
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was allowed additional fortifications and military capability above and
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beyond that allowed ordinary Nobility.</p>
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<p>And so this oft-repeated scenario was that in a border region or March,
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the local Nobility would have the means to enrich themselves with repeated
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cross-border raids. But this unfortunately always came at the expense of
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the local population, thus the motivation to flee to Ulster.</p>
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<h3>King William III</h3>
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<p>So let's circle back.</p>
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<p>Hillbillies were so called because their
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Ulster-Scots Ancestors supported
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<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_III_of_England" target="_blank">King Billy</a>
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during the
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<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williamite_War_in_Ireland" target="_blank">Williamite War</a>.</p>
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<p>Also known as <em>William of Orange</em>, he was installed
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as King of England during a coup known as the
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<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glorious_Revolution" target="_blank">Glorious Revolution</a>
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in 1688, in which
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<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glorious_Revolution" target="_blank">King James II</a> was deposed.</p>
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<h3>King James II (and VII)</h3>
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<p>So what was King James' problem?</p>
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<p>King James II was thown out of office because he
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was Catholic, because his second wife
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<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_of_Modena" target="_blank">Mary of Modena</a>
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was also Catholic, and because together they parented
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<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Francis_Edward_Stuart" target="_blank">James Francis Edward</a>
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and raised him as a Catholic.</p>
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<h3>Williamite War</h3>
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<p>Ok, let's circle back to the Williamite War in 1689.</p>
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<p>It turns out that while King James II was deposed as King of England, Ireland, and Scotland,
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he still had an armed force in Ireland with which he fought a war against, and
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was defeated by, King William III in Northern Ireland. This is when the Ulster-Scots
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became known as supporters of King Billy.</p>
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<h3>Anglo-Dutch Wars</h3>
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<p>But why was William of Orange installed as King?
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I am not going to answer this question.</p>
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<p>But it should be noted that William of Orange was also the ruler
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of Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Guelders, and the Dutch Republic.
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And the context for this is that throughout the 17th Century,
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England and the Netherlands had been fighting a series of
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disastrous and expensive wars against
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each other known collectively as the
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<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-Dutch_Wars" target="_blank">Anglo-Dutch Wars</a>.</p>
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<p>Indeed it was just prior to the Second Anglo-Dutch War
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that New Amsterdam became New York.</p>
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<p>The purpose of the Anglo-Dutch Wars was to establish control
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of International Colonial Trade, but it was believed that
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having a single King and Ruler of both England and several
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countries in the Lowlands would create peace.</p>
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<h3>Principality of Orange</h3>
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<p>As an interesting aside, let's just point out that the
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<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principality_of_Orange" target="_blank">Principality of Orange</a>
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came into existence in 1163 per Holy Roman Emperor
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<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" target="_blank">Frederick Barbarossa</a>
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in order to serve as a March in the context of his
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conflict with the Papacy.</p>
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<h3>Recommended</h3>
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<p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Born_Fighting" target="_blank">Born Fighting</a> is a
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<a href="https://www.amazon.com/Born-Fighting-Scots-Irish-Shaped-America/dp/0767916891" target="_blank">Book</a>
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written by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Webb" target="_blank">Senator James Webb</a>.</p>
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<p>While I have not read the book, the Television Series Born Fighting
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from the Smithsonian Channel is also narrated by Senator James Webb
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and is very fun and interesting to watch.</p>
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