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317 lines
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HTML
317 lines
15 KiB
HTML
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<title>LMDE 3 Disk Encryption - Build a Technical Document Page - Responsive Web Design Projects</title>
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<a href="https://github.com/TrentSPalmer/fcc-challenges/tree/gh-pages/lmde-3-disk-encryption" class="githubLabel" target="_blank">
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<script src="https://cdn.freecodecamp.org/testable-projects-fcc/v1/bundle.js"></script>
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<div class="nav-container">
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<nav id="navbar">
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<header>
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<a class="nav-title" href="#"><h1>LMDE 3 with Disk Encryption</h1></a>
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</header>
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<a class="nav-link" href="#Introduction"><h2>Introduction</h2></a>
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<a class="nav-link" href="#Prepare_The_Installation_Media"><h2>Prepare The Installation Media</h2></a>
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<a class="nav-link" href="#Boot_The_Install_Disc"><h2>Boot The Install Disc</h2></a>
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<a class="nav-link" href="#Partition_The_Hard_Drive"><h2>Partition The Hard Drive</h2></a>
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<a class="nav-link" href="#Mount_The_Hard_Drive"><h2>Mount The Hard Drive</h2></a>
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<a class="nav-link" href="#Run_The_Installer_App"><h2>Run The Installer App</h2></a>
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<a class="nav-link" href="#Configure_Fstab"><h2>Configure Fstab</h2></a>
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<a class="nav-link" href="#Configure_Crypttab"><h2>Configure Crypttab</h2></a>
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<a class="nav-link" href="#Resume_Installer_App"><h2>Resume Installer App</h2></a>
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<a class="nav-link" href="#UEFI_Fix"><h2>UEFI Fix</h2></a>
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<a class="nav-link" href="#Optional_Swap_File"><h2>Optional Swap File</h2></a>
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</nav>
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</div>
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<div class="main-container">
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<main id="main-doc">
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<!-- Section -->
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<!-- Section -->
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<!-- Section -->
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<section id="Introduction" class="main-section">
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<header><h2>Introduction</h2></header>
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<p class="main-left-indent">
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Linux Mint Debian Edition is the alternate version of Linux Mint, but built on a Debian base. The result is
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quite pleasant: the stability of desktop Debian, but with the rough edges polished smooth, nicely configured
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fonts and ui, and all the multi-media codecs included.</p>
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<p class="main-left-indent">
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Unfortunately, the LMDE 3 installer does not support disk encryption, but manually setting this up by hand
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is pretty straightforward. On the other hand, manually setting up your partitions by hand allows extra
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freedom and flexibility, and so I have chosen a simple luks-encrypted "/" partition formatted xfs.</p>
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<p class="main-left-indent">
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As far as swap is concerned, my preference is to use a swap file instead of a swap partition. Having a swap
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file instead of a swap partition is more flexible because obviously you can easily recreate a different size
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swap file whenever you like (or use none at all), and the encryption requires no extra set up because the "/"
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partition is encrypted anyway.</p>
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<p class="main-left-indent">
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Will this work with a dual-boot set up? Of course! Because you have to manually configure the partitions anyway,
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just arrange them exactly how you would need for dual-boot.
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</p>
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<p class="main-left-indent">
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Assumes uefi-configured boot, with separate partitions for /boot formatted ext4, /boot/efi formatted fat32,
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and a regular luks-encrypted partition for "/" formatted xfs.
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</p>
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</section>
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<!-- Section -->
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<!-- Section -->
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<!-- Section -->
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<section id="Prepare_The_Installation_Media" class="main-section">
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<header><h2>Prepare The Installation Media</h2></header>
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<p class="main-left-indent">
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Visit the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.linuxmint.com">Linux Mint Website</a> and
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<a target="_blank" href="https://www.linuxmint.com/edition.php?id=259">download</a> the iso file for LMDE 3 64bit. Download from
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torrents if possible, to save bandwidth.
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</p>
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<ul>
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<li>verify the sha256 sum of the iso file<br>
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<code>sha256sum <nobr>lmde-3-201808-cinnamon-64bit.iso</nobr></code>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<p class="main-left-indent">
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Identify the thumb drive you are going to install from.
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</p>
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<ul>
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<li>type <code>lsblk</code>, note the output, and then insert the thumb drive</li>
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<li>then type <code>lsblk</code> again and note the <em>additional output</em></li>
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</ul>
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<pre class="main-left-indent"># lsblk /dev/sdb
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NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
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sdb 8:32 1 14.5G 0 disk
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├─sdb1 8:33 1 3.4G 0 part /media/trent/Debian 9.6.0 amd64 1
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└─sdb2 8:34 1 416K 0 part</pre>
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<p class="main-left-indent">
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In the above example output we see that our thumb drive is identified as /dev/sdb,
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and partition <em>/dev/sdb1</em> is automatically mounted.
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</p>
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<p class="main-left-indent">
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Take special care that you have accurately identified the thumb drive before proceeding.
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For the sake of example, we will proceed on the assumption that our thumb drive is
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identified as /dev/sdb, but you need to compensate accordingly.
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</p>
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<ul>
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<li>unmount any partition of the thumb drive that are automatically mounted<br>
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<code>umount /dev/sdb1</code>
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</li>
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<li>write the disk image to the thumb drive<br>
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<code>ddrescue -D <nobr>--force</nobr> <nobr>lmde-3-201808-cinnamon-64bit.iso</nobr> /dev/sdb</code>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</section>
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<!-- Section -->
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<!-- Section -->
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<!-- Section -->
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<section id="Boot_The_Install_Disc" class="main-section">
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<header><h2>Boot The Install Disc</h2></header>
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<ul>
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<li>boot into bios to disable fastboot and secureboot</li>
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<li>invoke your machine's device boot menu and boot the install disc in uefi mode</li>
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<li>confirm that you have booted in uefi mode by listing efivars<br>
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<code>ls /sys/firmware/efi/vars</code>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</section>
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<!-- Section -->
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<!-- Section -->
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<!-- Section -->
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<section id="Partition_The_Hard_Drive" class="main-section">
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<header><h2>Partition The Hard Drive</h2></header>
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<p class="main-left-indent">
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If you recall we are assuming the target hard drive is /dev/sda, as an example.
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So, make adjustments as necessary.</p>
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<p class="main-left-indent">
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If you would rather use a different partition tool, make sure the efi partition
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is an efi partition type, and you definitely need a separate /boot partition.</p>
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<ul>
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<li>if needed you can clear the drive with wipefs<br>
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<code>wipefs --all /dev/sda</code>
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</li>
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<li>create a new partition table for /dev/sda<br>
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<code>sgdisk /dev/sda -o</code>
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</li>
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<li>create a new efi partition for /dev/sda<br>
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<code>sgdisk /dev/sda <nobr>--new=1::+512MiB</nobr> <nobr>--typecode=1:ef00</nobr></code>
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</li>
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<li>create a new /boot partition for /dev/sda<br>
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<code>sgdisk /dev/sda <nobr>--new=2::+1G</nobr></code>
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</li>
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<li>create a new "/" partition for /dev/sda<br>
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<code>sgdisk /dev/sda <nobr>--new=3</nobr></code>
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</li>
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<li>verify your partition work<br>
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<code>sgdisk /dev/sda <nobr>-p</nobr></code>
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</li>
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<li>format the efi partition<br>
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<code>mkfs.vfat <nobr>-F32</nobr> /dev/sda1</code>
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</li>
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<li>format the /boot partition<br>
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<code>mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda2</code>
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</li>
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<li>encrypt the "/" partition, you will be prompted for a password<br>
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<code>cryptsetup <nobr>-y -v</nobr> luksFormat <nobr>--type</nobr> luks2 /dev/sda3</code>
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</li>
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<li>decrypt the "/" partition, you will be prompted for a password<br>
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<code>cryptsetup open /dev/sda3 cryptroot</code>
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</li>
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<li>format the "/" device<br>
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<code>mkfs.xfs /dev/mapper/cryptroot</code>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</section>
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<section id="Mount_The_Hard_Drive" class="main-section">
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<header><h2>Mount The Hard Drive</h2></header>
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<p class="main-left-indent">
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This takes advantage of <em>expert mode</em> in the LMDE installer.</p>
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<ul>
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<li>create an /target directory<br>
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<code>mkdir /target</code>
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</li>
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<li>mount the "/" device at /target<br>
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<code>mount /dev/mapper/cryptroot /target</code>
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</li>
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<li>create an /target/boot directory<br>
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<code>mkdir /target/boot</code>
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</li>
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<li>mount the /boot partition at /target/boot<br>
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<code>mount /dev/sda2 /target/boot</code>
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</li>
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<li>create an /target/boot/efi directory<br>
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<code>mkdir /target/boot/efi</code>
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</li>
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<li>mount the efi partition at /target/boot/efi<br>
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<code>mount /dev/sda1 /target/boot/efi</code>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</section>
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<!-- Section -->
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<!-- Section -->
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<!-- Section -->
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<section id="Run_The_Installer_App" class="main-section">
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<header><h2>Run The Installer App</h2></header>
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<p class="main-left-indent">
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At this point you're ready to run the live installer. You can click the disc
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icon on the desktop.</p>
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<p class="main-left-indent">
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The first three pages of the live-installer cover Language,Timezone, and Keymap.
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The fourth page of the live-installer covers name, password, and hostname.
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On the fifth page of the live-installer, you come to a partition configuration page.
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But there is nothing to do, so select <em>expert mode</em> at the bottom of the page.
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</p>
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<p class="main-left-indent">
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Again select <em>forward</em>, and when you come to the page where you configure the
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location to install grub, that should be the efi partition, i.e. <em>/dev/sda1</em>.</p>
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<p class="main-left-indent">
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Select <em>forward</em> one more time, and then select <em>install</em>.
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The installation will run for a few minutes and will then pause. During the pause you need
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to manually configure fstab and crypttab.</p>
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</section>
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<!-- Section -->
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<!-- Section -->
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<!-- Section -->
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<section id="Configure_Fstab" class="main-section">
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<header><h2>Configure Fstab</h2></header>
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<ul>
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<li>find the UUID of the efi partition<br>
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<code>blkid /dev/sda1 -s UUID</code>
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</li>
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<li>find the UUID of the /boot partition<br>
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<code>blkid /dev/sda2 -s UUID</code>
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</li>
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<li>find the UUID of the "/" device<br>
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<code>blkid /dev/mapper/cryptroot <nobr>-s</nobr> UUID</code>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<p class="main-left-indent">
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And when you find the correct UUID numbers, use them to
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configure <em>/etc/fstab</em> which is actually currently at <em>/target/etc/fstab</em>.</p>
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<pre class="main-left-indent" id="etc-fstab"># /etc/fstab
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###############
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# efi partition
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# run the command `blkid /dev/sda1 -s UUID` which outputs
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# /dev/sda1: UUID="17C4-215D", from which derive
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UUID=17C4-215D /boot/efi vfat defaults 0 2
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# /boot partition
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# run the command `blkid /dev/sda2 -s UUID` which outputs
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# /dev/sda2: UUID="f2509fff-4854-4721-b546-0274c89e6aec", from which derive
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UUID=f2509fff-4854-4721-b546-0274c89e6aec /boot ext4 defaults 0 2
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# "/" device
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# run the command `blkid /dev/mapper/cryptroot -s UUID` which outputs
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# /dev/mapper/cryptroot: UUID="72241377-cd65-43a6-8363-1afce5bd93f6", from which derive
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UUID=72241377-cd65-43a6-8363-1afce5bd93f6 / xfs defaults 0 1</pre>
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<button onclick="copyToClipboard('#etc-fstab')">copy example fstab</button>
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</section>
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<!-- Section -->
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<!-- Section -->
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<!-- Section -->
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<section id="Configure_Crypttab" class="main-section">
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<header><h2>Configure Crypttab</h2></header>
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<p class="main-left-indent">
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But before the file systems can be mounted, crypttab needs to mount <em>/dev/sda3</em>
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at <em>/dev/mapper/cryptroot</em>.
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Configure <em>/etc/crypttab</em> which is actually currently at <em>/target/etc/crypttab</em>
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<ul>
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<li>find the UUID of the partition that will be mounted at /dev/mapper/crypttab<br>
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<code>blkid /dev/sda3 -s UUID</code>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<p class="main-left-indent">
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And when you find the correct UUID number for /dev/sda3, use that to
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configure <em>/etc/crypttab</em> which is actually currently at <em>/target/etc/crypttab</em>.</p>
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<pre class="main-left-indent" id="etc-crypttab"># /etc/crypttab
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# run the command `blkid /dev/sda3 -s UUID` which outputs
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# /dev/sdb3: UUID="da3e0967-711f-4159-85ac-7d5743a75201", from which derive
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# <target name> <source device> <key file> <options>
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cryptroot UUID=da3e0967-711f-4159-85ac-7d5743a75201 none luks</pre>
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<button onclick="copyToClipboard('#etc-crypttab')">copy example crypttab</button>
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</section>
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<section id="Resume_Installer_App" class="main-section">
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<header><h2>Resume Installer App</h2></header>
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<p class="main-left-indent">
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At this point finish running the live installer, and you'll be done.</p>
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</section>
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<section id="UEFI_Fix" class="main-section">
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<header><h2>UEFI Fix</h2></header>
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<p class="main-left-indent">
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On some machines, such as HP Laptops, UEFI is broken and efi boot entries don't persist.</p>
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<ul>
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<li>remount the efi parition<br>
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<code>mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/ ; cd /mnt/EFI/</code>
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</li>
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<li>create a default efi executable<br>
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<code>mkdir BOOT ; cp linuxmint/grubx64.efi BOOT/BOOTX64.efi</code>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</section>
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<section id="Optional_Swap_File" class="main-section">
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<header><h2>Optional Swap File</h2></header>
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<p class="main-left-indent">
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Visit the <a target="_blank" href="https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Swap#Swap_file">Arch Wiki</a> and
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they will hook you up.
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</p>
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</section>
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</main>
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</div>
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</body>
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</html>
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