add lmde4-custom-partitions-disk-encryption
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---
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title: "Home"
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authors: ["trent"]
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---
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# Trent's Blog
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## **Posts By Date**
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* [2020-12-15: LMDE4 Custom Partitions Disk Encryption](posts/linux-move-cursor-with-keyboard){target=_blank}
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* [2020-06-21: Linux Move Cursor With Keyboard](posts/linux-move-cursor-with-keyboard){target=_blank}
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||||
* [2019-05-12: Simplified Raspberry Streaming](posts/simplified-raspberry-streaming){target=_blank}
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* [2019-04-13: Clear Linux Encrypted xfs Root](posts/clear-linux-encrypted-xfs-root){target=_blank}
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@ -9,3 +13,7 @@
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* [2019-02-11: Faster Partitioning With sgdisk](posts/faster-partitioning-with-sgdisk){target=_blank}
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* [2019-01-25: LMDE3 xfs Full Disk Encryption](posts/lmde3-xfs-full-disk-encryption){target=_blank}
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* [2019-01-25: Rewrite Hugo Themes Report in Python](posts/rewrite-hugo-themes-report-in-python){target=_blank}
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## **Links**
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* [Links](links.md){target=_blank}
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@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
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---
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title: "Links"
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authors: ["trent"]
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---
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# Trent's Blog
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## **Links**
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BIN
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@ -196,17 +196,18 @@ UUID=72241377-cd65-43a6-8363-1afce5bd93f6 / xfs defaults 0 1
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But before the file systems can be mounted, `crypttab` needs to mount `/dev/sda3` at `/dev/mapper/cryptroot`.
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Configure `/etc/crypttab` which is actually currently at `/target/etc/crypttab`
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1. find the UUID of the partition that will be mounted at `/dev/mapper/crypttab`
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* find the UUID of the partition that will be mounted at `/dev/mapper/crypttab`
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```console
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blkid /dev/sda3 -s UUID
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```
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And when you find the correct UUID number for `/dev/sda3`,
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use that to configure `/etc/crypttab` which is actually currently at `/target/etc/crypttab`.
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```conf
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# /etc/crypttab
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# run the command `blkid /dev/sda3 -s UUID` which outputs
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# /dev/sdb3: UUID="da3e0967-711f-4159-85ac-7d5743a75201", from which derive
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# /dev/sda3: UUID="da3e0967-711f-4159-85ac-7d5743a75201", from which derive
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# <target name> <source device> <key file> <options>
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cryptroot UUID=da3e0967-711f-4159-85ac-7d5743a75201 none luks
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```
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261
docs/posts/lmde4-custom-partitions-disk-encryption.md
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docs/posts/lmde4-custom-partitions-disk-encryption.md
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---
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title: "LMDE4 Custom Partitions Disk Encryption"
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date: 2020-12-15
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draft: false
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tags: ["linux-mint","disk-encryption"]
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authors: ["trent"]
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---
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date: 2020-12-15
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## **Introduction**
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Linux Mint Debian Edition is the alternate version of Linux Mint, but built on a Debian base. The result is quite pleasant: the
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stability of desktop Debian, but with the rough edges polished smooth, nicely configured fonts and ui, and all the multi-media codecs included.
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Previously, I wrote a [guide for installing LMDE3 with disk encryption](lmde3-xfs-full-disk-encryption.md){target=_blank}.
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The installer for LMDE 4 is different
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in that it includes support for disk encryption, but not if you need custom partitions such as for a **dual-boot
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configuration**.
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With this in mind, the examples presented below assume that you have Windows 10 installed in 4 partitions, and
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thus you would want to make 3 partitions (5,6,7) after that, for LMDE4.
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As with before, with separate partitions for `/boot` formatted ext4, `/boot/efi` formatted fat32,
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and a regular luks-encrypted partition for `/` formatted xfs.
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With a separate efi partition for LMDE4, you can then use the computer's device boot menu to
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select which efi boot entry you want to boot. There is also an advantage in having Windows use the
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first efi partition, in that if something happens to the Windows efi boot entry, you can fall back to the
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default efi executable. Whereas, if the efi boot entry for Linux somehow gets wiped, you could [repair that
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easily enough via chroot](https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Grub2/Installing#via_ChRoot){target=_blank}.
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## **Prepare The Installation Media**
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Visit the [Linux Mint Website](https://www.linuxmint.com/){target=_blank}
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and [download](https://www.linuxmint.com/edition.php?id=279){target=_blank} the iso file for LMDE 4 64bit. Download from torrents if possible, to save bandwidth.
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* verify the sha256 sum of the iso file
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```console
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sha256sum lmde-4-cinnamon-64bit.iso
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```
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Identify the thumb drive you are going to install from.
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* type `lsblk`, note the output, and then insert the thumb drive
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* then type `lsblk` again and note the *additional output*
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```console
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# lsblk /dev/sdb
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NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
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sdb 8:32 1 14.5G 0 disk
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├─sdb1 8:33 1 3.4G 0 part /media/trent/Debian 9.6.0 amd64
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└─sdb2 8:34 1 416K 0 part
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```
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In the above example output we see that our thumb drive is identified as `/dev/sdb`, and partition `/dev/sdb1` is automatically mounted.
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Take special care that you have accurately identified the thumb drive before proceeding. For the sake of example,
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we will proceed on the assumption that our thumb drive is identified as `/dev/sdb`, but you need to compensate accordingly.
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* unmount any partition of the thumb drive that are automatically mounted
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```console
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umount /dev/sdb1
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```
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* write the disk image to the thumb drive
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```console
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ddrescue -D --force lmde-4-cinnamon-64bit.iso /dev/sdb
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```
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## **Boot The Install Disc**
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* boot into bios to disable fastboot and secureboot
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* invoke your machine's device boot menu and boot the install disc in uefi mode
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* confirm that you have booted in uefi mode by listing efivars
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```console
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ls /sys/firmware/efi/vars
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```
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## **Partition The Hard Drive**
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If you recall we are assuming the target hard drive is `/dev/sda`, as an example. So, make adjustments as necessary.
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If you would rather use a different partition tool, make sure the efi partition is an efi partition type, and you definitely need a separate `/boot` partition.
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If indeed, you are installing a dual-boot and are installing alongside another operating system,
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then **skip steps 1 and 2**, obviously.
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1. if needed you can clear the drive with wipefs
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```console
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wipefs --all /dev/sda
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```
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1. create a new partition table for `/dev/sda`
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```console
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sgdisk /dev/sda -o
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```
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1. create a new efi partition for `/dev/sda`
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```console
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sgdisk /dev/sda --new=5::+512MiB --typecode=1:ef00
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```
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1. create a new `/boot` partition for `/dev/sda`
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```console
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sgdisk /dev/sda --new=6::+1G
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```
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1. create a new `/` partition for `/dev/sda`
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```console
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sgdisk /dev/sda --new=7
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```
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1. verify your partition work
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```console
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sgdisk /dev/sda -p
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```
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1. format the efi partition
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```console
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mkfs.vfat -F32 /dev/sda5
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```
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1. format the /boot partition
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```console
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mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda6
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```
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1. encrypt the `/` partition, you will be prompted for a password
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```console
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cryptsetup -y -v luksFormat --type luks2 /dev/sda7
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```
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1. decrypt the `/` partition, you will be prompted for a password
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```console
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cryptsetup open /dev/sda7 cryptroot
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```
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1. format the `/` device
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```console
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mkfs.xfs /dev/mapper/cryptroot
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```
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## **Mount The Hard Drive**
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This takes advantage of *expert mode* in the LMDE installer.
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1. create an `/target` directory
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```console
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mkdir /target
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```
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1. mount the `/` device at `/target`
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```console
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mount /dev/mapper/cryptroot /target
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```
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1. create an `/target/boot` directory
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```console
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mkdir /target/boot
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```
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1. mount the `/boot` partition at `/target/boot`
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```console
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mount /dev/sda6 /target/boot
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```
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1. create an `/target/boot/efi` directory
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```console
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mkdir /target/boot/efi
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```
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1. mount the efi partition at `/target/boot/efi`
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```console
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mount /dev/sda5 /target/boot/efi
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```
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## **Run The Installer App From Command Line**
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At this point you're ready to run the live installer. But you need to run the
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installer from the command line in order to **use expert-mode**:
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```console
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live-installer --expert-mode
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```
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The first three pages of the live-installer cover Language,Timezone, and Keymap.
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The fourth page of the live-installer covers name, password, and hostname. After this
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**select manual partitioning**.
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On the seventh page of the live-installer, you come to a partition configuration page.
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But there is nothing to do here. The partition-configuration doesn't even recognize
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your encrypted partitions. But no matter, because you have already mounted the target
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file system relative to `/target/`, so select *expert mode* at the bottom of the page.
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<figure>
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<img src=../../photos/Screenshot31.png width="100%" />
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<figcaption>the installer doesn't even recognize the encrypted partitions ... ignore everything on this screen and click the `Expert mode` button</figcaption>
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</figure>
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Again select *forward*, and when you come to the page where you configure the location
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to install grub, that should be the efi partition, i.e. `/dev/sda5`.
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<figure>
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<img src=../../photos/Screenshot39.png width="100%" />
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<figcaption>select the efi partition as the location to install grub</figcaption>
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</figure>
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Then continue with the installation. The installation will run for a
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few minutes and will then pause. There will be a popup informing you that the installation has paused.
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During the pause you need to manually configure `fstab` and `crypttab`.
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## **Configure Fstab**
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1. find the UUID of the efi partition
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```console
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blkid /dev/sda5 -s UUID
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```
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1. find the UUID of the `/boot` partition
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```console
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blkid /dev/sda6 -s UUID
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```
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1. find the UUID of the `/` device
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```console
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blkid /dev/mapper/cryptroot -s UUID
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```
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And when you find the correct UUID numbers, use them to configure `/etc/fstab` which is actually currently at `/target/etc/fstab`.
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```conf
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# /etc/fstab
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###############
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# efi partition
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# run the command `blkid /dev/sda1 -s UUID` which outputs
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# /dev/sda5: UUID="17C4-215D", from which derive
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UUID=17C4-215D /boot/efi vfat defaults 0 2
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# /boot partition
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# run the command `blkid /dev/sda2 -s UUID` which outputs
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# /dev/sda6: UUID="f2509fff-4854-4721-b546-0274c89e6aec", from which derive
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UUID=f2509fff-4854-4721-b546-0274c89e6aec /boot ext4 defaults 0 2
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# "/" device
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# run the command `blkid /dev/mapper/cryptroot -s UUID` which outputs
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# /dev/mapper/cryptroot: UUID="72241377-cd65-43a6-8363-1afce5bd93f6", from which derive
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UUID=72241377-cd65-43a6-8363-1afce5bd93f6 / xfs defaults 0 1
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```
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## **Configure Crypttab**
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But before the file systems can be mounted, `crypttab` needs to mount `/dev/sda3` at `/dev/mapper/cryptroot`.
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Configure `/etc/crypttab` which is actually currently at `/target/etc/crypttab`
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Sorry, that's actually an over-simplification. But you need to configure `crypttab` now,
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because when the installer continues running again, it installs the bootloader and builds the initramfs,
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and `mkinitramfs` parses `crypttab`, and builds and configures the initramfs in such a way that it knows
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to decrypt your `/` partition so it can then hand it off to the kernel at boot time (I think).
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* find the UUID of the partition that will be mounted at `/dev/mapper/crypttab`
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```console
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blkid /dev/sda3 -s UUID
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```
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And when you find the correct UUID number for `/dev/sda3`,
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use that to configure `/etc/crypttab` which is actually currently at `/target/etc/crypttab`.
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```conf
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# /etc/crypttab
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# run the command `blkid /dev/sda7 -s UUID` which outputs
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# /dev/sda7: UUID="da3e0967-711f-4159-85ac-7d5743a75201", from which derive
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# <target name> <source device> <key file> <options>
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cryptroot UUID=da3e0967-711f-4159-85ac-7d5743a75201 none luks
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```
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## **Resume Installer App**
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At this point finish running the live installer, and you'll be done.
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## **UEFI Fix**
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Well, actually there isn't one. In this scenario having two efi partitions,
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we rely on the motherboard correctly persisting efi boot entries.
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So if you are unlucky enough to have one of the HP laptops that
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*forgets* efi boot entries, I guess you are out of luck.
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You might try using a single efi partition instead of two, and
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maybe that will work. Presumably this would require using VeraCrypt
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for Windows, instead of Bitlocker (because Bitlocker won't allow Grub
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to load the Windows bootloader?)
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## **Optional Swap File**
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Visit the [Arch Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Swap#Swap_file){target=_blank} and they will hook you up.
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@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ markdown_extensions:
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nav:
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- Home:
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- Home: index.md
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- posts/lmde4-custom-partitions-disk-encryption.md
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- posts/linux-move-cursor-with-keyboard.md
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- posts/simplified-raspberry-streaming.md
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- posts/clear-linux-encrypted-xfs-root.md
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@ -225,6 +225,18 @@
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="/posts/lmde4-custom-partitions-disk-encryption/" class="md-nav__link">
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||||
LMDE4 Custom Partitions Disk Encryption
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||||
</a>
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||||
</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="/posts/linux-move-cursor-with-keyboard/" class="md-nav__link">
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Linux Move Cursor With Keyboard
|
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@ -260,6 +260,13 @@
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Posts By Date
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="#links" class="md-nav__link">
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Links
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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@ -274,6 +281,18 @@
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="posts/lmde4-custom-partitions-disk-encryption/" class="md-nav__link">
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LMDE4 Custom Partitions Disk Encryption
|
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="posts/linux-move-cursor-with-keyboard/" class="md-nav__link">
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Linux Move Cursor With Keyboard
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@ -423,6 +442,13 @@
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Posts By Date
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</a>
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<a href="#links" class="md-nav__link">
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Links
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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@ -441,6 +467,7 @@
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<h1 id="trents-blog">Trent's Blog</h1>
|
||||
<h2 id="posts-by-date"><strong>Posts By Date</strong></h2>
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||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><a href="posts/linux-move-cursor-with-keyboard" target="_blank">2020-12-15: LMDE4 Custom Partitions Disk Encryption</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="posts/linux-move-cursor-with-keyboard" target="_blank">2020-06-21: Linux Move Cursor With Keyboard</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="posts/simplified-raspberry-streaming" target="_blank">2019-05-12: Simplified Raspberry Streaming</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="posts/clear-linux-encrypted-xfs-root" target="_blank">2019-04-13: Clear Linux Encrypted xfs Root</a></li>
|
||||
@ -449,6 +476,12 @@
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||||
<li><a href="posts/lmde3-xfs-full-disk-encryption" target="_blank">2019-01-25: LMDE3 xfs Full Disk Encryption</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="posts/rewrite-hugo-themes-report-in-python" target="_blank">2019-01-25: Rewrite Hugo Themes Report in Python</a></li>
|
||||
</ul>
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<h2 id="links"><strong>Links</strong></h2>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="links/" target="_blank">Links</a></li>
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</ul>
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@ -730,19 +742,19 @@ UUID=72241377-cd65-43a6-8363-1afce5bd93f6 / xfs defaults 0 1
|
||||
<h2 id="configure-crypttab"><strong>Configure Crypttab</strong></h2>
|
||||
<p>But before the file systems can be mounted, <code>crypttab</code> needs to mount <code>/dev/sda3</code> at <code>/dev/mapper/cryptroot</code>.
|
||||
Configure <code>/etc/crypttab</code> which is actually currently at <code>/target/etc/crypttab</code></p>
|
||||
<ol>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>find the UUID of the partition that will be mounted at <code>/dev/mapper/crypttab</code>
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">blkid /dev/sda3 -s UUID</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div></li>
|
||||
</ol>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
<p>And when you find the correct UUID number for <code>/dev/sda3</code>,
|
||||
use that to configure <code>/etc/crypttab</code> which is actually currently at <code>/target/etc/crypttab</code>.
|
||||
use that to configure <code>/etc/crypttab</code> which is actually currently at <code>/target/etc/crypttab</code>.</p>
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code># /etc/crypttab
|
||||
# run the command `blkid /dev/sda3 -s UUID` which outputs
|
||||
# /dev/sdb3: UUID="da3e0967-711f-4159-85ac-7d5743a75201", from which derive
|
||||
# /dev/sda3: UUID="da3e0967-711f-4159-85ac-7d5743a75201", from which derive
|
||||
# <target name> <source device> <key file> <options>
|
||||
cryptroot UUID=da3e0967-711f-4159-85ac-7d5743a75201 none luks
|
||||
</code></pre></div></p>
|
||||
</code></pre></div>
|
||||
<h2 id="resume-installer-app"><strong>Resume Installer App</strong></h2>
|
||||
<p>At this point finish running the live installer, and you'll be done.</p>
|
||||
<h2 id="uefi-fix"><strong>UEFI Fix</strong></h2>
|
||||
|
||||
905
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||||
<a href="#partition-the-hard-drive" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
Partition The Hard Drive
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="#mount-the-hard-drive" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
Mount The Hard Drive
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="#run-the-installer-app-from-command-line" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
Run The Installer App From Command Line
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="#configure-fstab" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
Configure Fstab
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="#configure-crypttab" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
Configure Crypttab
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="#resume-installer-app" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
Resume Installer App
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="#uefi-fix" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
UEFI Fix
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="#optional-swap-file" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
Optional Swap File
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
</nav>
|
||||
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../linux-move-cursor-with-keyboard/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
Linux Move Cursor With Keyboard
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../simplified-raspberry-streaming/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
Simplified Raspberry Streaming
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../clear-linux-encrypted-xfs-root/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
Clear Linux Encrypted xfs Root
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../clear-linux-guest-virt-manager/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
Clear Linux Guest Virt Manager
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../faster-partitioning-with-sgdisk/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
Faster Partitioning With sgdisk
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../lmde3-xfs-full-disk-encryption/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
LMDE3 xfs Full Disk Encryption
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../rewrite-hugo-themes-report-in-python/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
Rewrite Hugo Themes Report in Python
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</nav>
|
||||
</li>
|
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|
||||
|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="nav-2" type="checkbox" id="nav-2" >
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="nav-2">
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Links
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Links" data-md-level="1">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="nav-2">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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Links
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</label>
|
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../../links/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
Links
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
|
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|
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|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</nav>
|
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</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</nav>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="md-sidebar md-sidebar--secondary" data-md-component="toc">
|
||||
<div class="md-sidebar__scrollwrap">
|
||||
<div class="md-sidebar__inner">
|
||||
|
||||
<nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="Table of contents">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__toc">
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
Table of contents
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="#introduction" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
Introduction
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="#prepare-the-installation-media" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
Prepare The Installation Media
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="#boot-the-install-disc" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
Boot The Install Disc
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="#partition-the-hard-drive" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
Partition The Hard Drive
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="#mount-the-hard-drive" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
Mount The Hard Drive
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="#run-the-installer-app-from-command-line" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
Run The Installer App From Command Line
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="#configure-fstab" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
Configure Fstab
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="#configure-crypttab" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
Configure Crypttab
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="#resume-installer-app" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
Resume Installer App
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="#uefi-fix" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
UEFI Fix
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="#optional-swap-file" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
Optional Swap File
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
</nav>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="md-content">
|
||||
<article class="md-content__inner md-typeset">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<h1>LMDE4 Custom Partitions Disk Encryption</h1>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>date: 2020-12-15</p>
|
||||
<h2 id="introduction"><strong>Introduction</strong></h2>
|
||||
<p>Linux Mint Debian Edition is the alternate version of Linux Mint, but built on a Debian base. The result is quite pleasant: the
|
||||
stability of desktop Debian, but with the rough edges polished smooth, nicely configured fonts and ui, and all the multi-media codecs included.</p>
|
||||
<p>Previously, I wrote a <a href="../lmde3-xfs-full-disk-encryption/" target="_blank">guide for installing LMDE3 with disk encryption</a>.
|
||||
The installer for LMDE 4 is different
|
||||
in that it includes support for disk encryption, but not if you need custom partitions such as for a <strong>dual-boot
|
||||
configuration</strong>.</p>
|
||||
<p>With this in mind, the examples presented below assume that you have Windows 10 installed in 4 partitions, and
|
||||
thus you would want to make 3 partitions (5,6,7) after that, for LMDE4.
|
||||
As with before, with separate partitions for <code>/boot</code> formatted ext4, <code>/boot/efi</code> formatted fat32,
|
||||
and a regular luks-encrypted partition for <code>/</code> formatted xfs.</p>
|
||||
<p>With a separate efi partition for LMDE4, you can then use the computer's device boot menu to
|
||||
select which efi boot entry you want to boot. There is also an advantage in having Windows use the
|
||||
first efi partition, in that if something happens to the Windows efi boot entry, you can fall back to the
|
||||
default efi executable. Whereas, if the efi boot entry for Linux somehow gets wiped, you could <a href="https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Grub2/Installing#via_ChRoot" target="_blank">repair that
|
||||
easily enough via chroot</a>.</p>
|
||||
<h2 id="prepare-the-installation-media"><strong>Prepare The Installation Media</strong></h2>
|
||||
<p>Visit the <a href="https://www.linuxmint.com/" target="_blank">Linux Mint Website</a>
|
||||
and <a href="https://www.linuxmint.com/edition.php?id=279" target="_blank">download</a> the iso file for LMDE 4 64bit. Download from torrents if possible, to save bandwidth.</p>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>verify the sha256 sum of the iso file
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">sha256sum lmde-4-cinnamon-64bit.iso</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
<p>Identify the thumb drive you are going to install from.</p>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>type <code>lsblk</code>, note the output, and then insert the thumb drive</li>
|
||||
<li>then type <code>lsblk</code> again and note the <em>additional output</em></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
<p><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="gp">#</span> lsblk /dev/sdb
|
||||
<span class="go">NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">sdb 8:32 1 14.5G 0 disk</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">├─sdb1 8:33 1 3.4G 0 part /media/trent/Debian 9.6.0 amd64</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">└─sdb2 8:34 1 416K 0 part</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div>
|
||||
In the above example output we see that our thumb drive is identified as <code>/dev/sdb</code>, and partition <code>/dev/sdb1</code> is automatically mounted.</p>
|
||||
<p>Take special care that you have accurately identified the thumb drive before proceeding. For the sake of example,
|
||||
we will proceed on the assumption that our thumb drive is identified as <code>/dev/sdb</code>, but you need to compensate accordingly.</p>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>unmount any partition of the thumb drive that are automatically mounted
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">umount /dev/sdb1</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div></p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>write the disk image to the thumb drive
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">ddrescue -D --force lmde-4-cinnamon-64bit.iso /dev/sdb</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div></p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
<h2 id="boot-the-install-disc"><strong>Boot The Install Disc</strong></h2>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>boot into bios to disable fastboot and secureboot</li>
|
||||
<li>invoke your machine's device boot menu and boot the install disc in uefi mode</li>
|
||||
<li>confirm that you have booted in uefi mode by listing efivars
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">ls /sys/firmware/efi/vars</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
<h2 id="partition-the-hard-drive"><strong>Partition The Hard Drive</strong></h2>
|
||||
<p>If you recall we are assuming the target hard drive is <code>/dev/sda</code>, as an example. So, make adjustments as necessary.</p>
|
||||
<p>If you would rather use a different partition tool, make sure the efi partition is an efi partition type, and you definitely need a separate <code>/boot</code> partition.</p>
|
||||
<p>If indeed, you are installing a dual-boot and are installing alongside another operating system,
|
||||
then <strong>skip steps 1 and 2</strong>, obviously.</p>
|
||||
<ol>
|
||||
<li>if needed you can clear the drive with wipefs
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">wipefs --all /dev/sda</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div></li>
|
||||
<li>create a new partition table for <code>/dev/sda</code>
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">sgdisk /dev/sda -o</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div></li>
|
||||
<li>create a new efi partition for <code>/dev/sda</code>
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">sgdisk /dev/sda --new=5::+512MiB --typecode=1:ef00</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div></li>
|
||||
<li>create a new <code>/boot</code> partition for <code>/dev/sda</code>
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">sgdisk /dev/sda --new=6::+1G</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div></li>
|
||||
<li>create a new <code>/</code> partition for <code>/dev/sda</code>
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">sgdisk /dev/sda --new=7</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div></li>
|
||||
<li>verify your partition work
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">sgdisk /dev/sda -p</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div></li>
|
||||
<li>format the efi partition
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">mkfs.vfat -F32 /dev/sda5</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div></li>
|
||||
<li>format the /boot partition
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda6</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div></li>
|
||||
<li>encrypt the <code>/</code> partition, you will be prompted for a password
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">cryptsetup -y -v luksFormat --type luks2 /dev/sda7</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div></li>
|
||||
<li>decrypt the <code>/</code> partition, you will be prompted for a password
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">cryptsetup open /dev/sda7 cryptroot</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div></li>
|
||||
<li>format the <code>/</code> device
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">mkfs.xfs /dev/mapper/cryptroot</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div></li>
|
||||
</ol>
|
||||
<h2 id="mount-the-hard-drive"><strong>Mount The Hard Drive</strong></h2>
|
||||
<p>This takes advantage of <em>expert mode</em> in the LMDE installer.</p>
|
||||
<ol>
|
||||
<li>create an <code>/target</code> directory
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">mkdir /target</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div></li>
|
||||
<li>mount the <code>/</code> device at <code>/target</code>
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">mount /dev/mapper/cryptroot /target</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div></li>
|
||||
<li>create an <code>/target/boot</code> directory
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">mkdir /target/boot</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div></li>
|
||||
<li>mount the <code>/boot</code> partition at <code>/target/boot</code>
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">mount /dev/sda6 /target/boot</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div></li>
|
||||
<li>create an <code>/target/boot/efi</code> directory
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">mkdir /target/boot/efi</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div></li>
|
||||
<li>mount the efi partition at <code>/target/boot/efi</code>
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">mount /dev/sda5 /target/boot/efi</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div></li>
|
||||
</ol>
|
||||
<h2 id="run-the-installer-app-from-command-line"><strong>Run The Installer App From Command Line</strong></h2>
|
||||
<p>At this point you're ready to run the live installer. But you need to run the
|
||||
installer from the command line in order to <strong>use expert-mode</strong>:
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">live-installer --expert-mode</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div></p>
|
||||
<p>The first three pages of the live-installer cover Language,Timezone, and Keymap.
|
||||
The fourth page of the live-installer covers name, password, and hostname. After this
|
||||
<strong>select manual partitioning</strong>.</p>
|
||||
<p>On the seventh page of the live-installer, you come to a partition configuration page.
|
||||
But there is nothing to do here. The partition-configuration doesn't even recognize
|
||||
your encrypted partitions. But no matter, because you have already mounted the target
|
||||
file system relative to <code>/target/</code>, so select <em>expert mode</em> at the bottom of the page.</p>
|
||||
<figure>
|
||||
<img src=../../photos/Screenshot31.png width="100%" />
|
||||
<figcaption>the installer doesn't even recognize the encrypted partitions ... ignore everything on this screen and click the `Expert mode` button</figcaption>
|
||||
</figure>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Again select <em>forward</em>, and when you come to the page where you configure the location
|
||||
to install grub, that should be the efi partition, i.e. <code>/dev/sda5</code>.</p>
|
||||
<figure>
|
||||
<img src=../../photos/Screenshot39.png width="100%" />
|
||||
<figcaption>select the efi partition as the location to install grub</figcaption>
|
||||
</figure>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Then continue with the installation. The installation will run for a
|
||||
few minutes and will then pause. There will be a popup informing you that the installation has paused.
|
||||
During the pause you need to manually configure <code>fstab</code> and <code>crypttab</code>.</p>
|
||||
<h2 id="configure-fstab"><strong>Configure Fstab</strong></h2>
|
||||
<ol>
|
||||
<li>find the UUID of the efi partition
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">blkid /dev/sda5 -s UUID</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div></li>
|
||||
<li>find the UUID of the <code>/boot</code> partition
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">blkid /dev/sda6 -s UUID</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div></li>
|
||||
<li>find the UUID of the <code>/</code> device
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">blkid /dev/mapper/cryptroot -s UUID</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div></li>
|
||||
</ol>
|
||||
<p>And when you find the correct UUID numbers, use them to configure <code>/etc/fstab</code> which is actually currently at <code>/target/etc/fstab</code>.
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code># /etc/fstab
|
||||
###############
|
||||
# efi partition
|
||||
# run the command `blkid /dev/sda1 -s UUID` which outputs
|
||||
# /dev/sda5: UUID="17C4-215D", from which derive
|
||||
UUID=17C4-215D /boot/efi vfat defaults 0 2
|
||||
|
||||
# /boot partition
|
||||
# run the command `blkid /dev/sda2 -s UUID` which outputs
|
||||
# /dev/sda6: UUID="f2509fff-4854-4721-b546-0274c89e6aec", from which derive
|
||||
UUID=f2509fff-4854-4721-b546-0274c89e6aec /boot ext4 defaults 0 2
|
||||
|
||||
# "/" device
|
||||
# run the command `blkid /dev/mapper/cryptroot -s UUID` which outputs
|
||||
# /dev/mapper/cryptroot: UUID="72241377-cd65-43a6-8363-1afce5bd93f6", from which derive
|
||||
UUID=72241377-cd65-43a6-8363-1afce5bd93f6 / xfs defaults 0 1
|
||||
</code></pre></div></p>
|
||||
<h2 id="configure-crypttab"><strong>Configure Crypttab</strong></h2>
|
||||
<p>But before the file systems can be mounted, <code>crypttab</code> needs to mount <code>/dev/sda3</code> at <code>/dev/mapper/cryptroot</code>.
|
||||
Configure <code>/etc/crypttab</code> which is actually currently at <code>/target/etc/crypttab</code></p>
|
||||
<p>Sorry, that's actually an over-simplification. But you need to configure <code>crypttab</code> now,
|
||||
because when the installer continues running again, it installs the bootloader and builds the initramfs,
|
||||
and <code>mkinitramfs</code> parses <code>crypttab</code>, and builds and configures the initramfs in such a way that it knows
|
||||
to decrypt your <code>/</code> partition so it can then hand it off to the kernel at boot time (I think).</p>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>find the UUID of the partition that will be mounted at <code>/dev/mapper/crypttab</code>
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">blkid /dev/sda3 -s UUID</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
<p>And when you find the correct UUID number for <code>/dev/sda3</code>,
|
||||
use that to configure <code>/etc/crypttab</code> which is actually currently at <code>/target/etc/crypttab</code>.
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code># /etc/crypttab
|
||||
# run the command `blkid /dev/sda7 -s UUID` which outputs
|
||||
# /dev/sda7: UUID="da3e0967-711f-4159-85ac-7d5743a75201", from which derive
|
||||
# <target name> <source device> <key file> <options>
|
||||
cryptroot UUID=da3e0967-711f-4159-85ac-7d5743a75201 none luks
|
||||
</code></pre></div></p>
|
||||
<h2 id="resume-installer-app"><strong>Resume Installer App</strong></h2>
|
||||
<p>At this point finish running the live installer, and you'll be done.</p>
|
||||
<h2 id="uefi-fix"><strong>UEFI Fix</strong></h2>
|
||||
<p>Well, actually there isn't one. In this scenario having two efi partitions,
|
||||
we rely on the motherboard correctly persisting efi boot entries.</p>
|
||||
<p>So if you are unlucky enough to have one of the HP laptops that
|
||||
<em>forgets</em> efi boot entries, I guess you are out of luck.</p>
|
||||
<p>You might try using a single efi partition instead of two, and
|
||||
maybe that will work. Presumably this would require using VeraCrypt
|
||||
for Windows, instead of Bitlocker (because Bitlocker won't allow Grub
|
||||
to load the Windows bootloader?)</p>
|
||||
<h2 id="optional-swap-file"><strong>Optional Swap File</strong></h2>
|
||||
<p>Visit the <a href="https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Swap#Swap_file" target="_blank">Arch Wiki</a> and they will hook you up.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
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|
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|
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|
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File diff suppressed because one or more lines are too long
@ -1,39 +1,43 @@
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
<urlset xmlns="http://www.sitemaps.org/schemas/sitemap/0.9"><url>
|
||||
<loc>None</loc>
|
||||
<lastmod>2020-12-15</lastmod>
|
||||
<lastmod>2020-12-16</lastmod>
|
||||
<changefreq>daily</changefreq>
|
||||
</url><url>
|
||||
<loc>None</loc>
|
||||
<lastmod>2020-12-15</lastmod>
|
||||
<lastmod>2020-12-16</lastmod>
|
||||
<changefreq>daily</changefreq>
|
||||
</url><url>
|
||||
<loc>None</loc>
|
||||
<lastmod>2020-12-15</lastmod>
|
||||
<lastmod>2020-12-16</lastmod>
|
||||
<changefreq>daily</changefreq>
|
||||
</url><url>
|
||||
<loc>None</loc>
|
||||
<lastmod>2020-12-15</lastmod>
|
||||
<lastmod>2020-12-16</lastmod>
|
||||
<changefreq>daily</changefreq>
|
||||
</url><url>
|
||||
<loc>None</loc>
|
||||
<lastmod>2020-12-15</lastmod>
|
||||
<lastmod>2020-12-16</lastmod>
|
||||
<changefreq>daily</changefreq>
|
||||
</url><url>
|
||||
<loc>None</loc>
|
||||
<lastmod>2020-12-15</lastmod>
|
||||
<lastmod>2020-12-16</lastmod>
|
||||
<changefreq>daily</changefreq>
|
||||
</url><url>
|
||||
<loc>None</loc>
|
||||
<lastmod>2020-12-15</lastmod>
|
||||
<lastmod>2020-12-16</lastmod>
|
||||
<changefreq>daily</changefreq>
|
||||
</url><url>
|
||||
<loc>None</loc>
|
||||
<lastmod>2020-12-15</lastmod>
|
||||
<lastmod>2020-12-16</lastmod>
|
||||
<changefreq>daily</changefreq>
|
||||
</url><url>
|
||||
<loc>None</loc>
|
||||
<lastmod>2020-12-15</lastmod>
|
||||
<lastmod>2020-12-16</lastmod>
|
||||
<changefreq>daily</changefreq>
|
||||
</url><url>
|
||||
<loc>None</loc>
|
||||
<lastmod>2020-12-16</lastmod>
|
||||
<changefreq>daily</changefreq>
|
||||
</url>
|
||||
</urlset>
|
||||
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