add sandbox-iot-network

docs/posts/sandbox-iot-network.md

@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+---
+title: "Sandbox IOT Network"
+date: 2024-04-27
+draft: false
+tags: ["RaspberryPi",  "linux", "router", "wireguard", "tasmota"]
+authors: ["trent"]
+post: 34
+---
+date: 2024-04-27
+
+
+## Introduction
+This is a scheme for connecting your smart devices to an sandboxed subnet
+such that they cannot reach or be reached from anywhere outside of their subnet,
+with the only exception being that each smart device can reach, and be reached
+from an application server.
+
+Using a wireguard tunnel between the application server and (wifi) ap server both enables the
+flow of traffic between the application server and smart devices on the sandboxed
+subnet, but also encrypts the mqtt traffic.
+
+
+<figure>
+  <img src=../../photos/iot_sandbox_network.png width="100%" />
+  <figcaption>iot sandbox network</figcaption>
+</figure>
+
+## Hostapd
+First install `hostapd` on your RaspberryPi. The relevant config file is
+`/etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf`.  And then start/enable hostapd with `systemctl`.
+
+## Describe Wifi AP interface
+Without explicitly routing traffic between eth0 and wlan0, no devices connecting
+to the wifi ap will be able to reach, or be reached from, the internet or your
+home network.
+```conf
+# /etc/network/interfaces.d/wlan0
+
+auto wlan0
+iface wlan0 inet static
+        address 10.0.8.1
+        network 10.0.8.0
+        netmask 255.255.255.0
+        broadcast 10.0.8.255
+```
+
+## Install and configure dnsmasq (for dhcp)
+Each device connecting to the wifi ap will need to know its' ip address,
+therefore you can use dnsmasq for dhcp service.
+
+Assuming you can figure out how to navigate the tasmota webui of each device
+well enough to set the hostname and figure out the mac addr,
+on the RaspberryPi wifi ap install dnsmasq and edit the config file.
+```conf
+# /etc/dnsmasq.conf
+listen-address=10.0.8.1
+interface=wlan0
+dhcp-range=10.0.8.150,10.0.8.200
+dhcp-host=bedroomlight,34:ab:95:c5:27:15,10.0.8.2
+dhcp-host=kitchenlight,40:f5:20:11:a9:5d,10.0.8.3
+dhcp-host=bathroomlight,70:03:9F:C5:7C:4C,10.0.8.4
+
+```
+
+## Create Wireguard Tunnel Between Application Server and Wifi AP
+The wireguard tunnel both encrypts traffic between the application
+server and the wifi ap server, but also enables communication between the
+dashboard application server and the smart devices.  The devil is in the
+configuration details.
+
+I think you need to enable forwarding in sysctl on the wifi ap server so
+that traffic can pass between `wlan0` and `wg0` (but I'm not entirely positive).
+```conf
+# /etc/sysctl.conf
+net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
+```
+
+Configure wg-quick@wg0 on the wifi ap server as follows.
+```conf
+# /etc/wireguard/wg0.conf
+[Interface]
+Address = 10.88.1.1/24
+PrivateKey = <private key>
+ListenPort = 4449
+
+[Peer]
+PublicKey = <public key>
+AllowedIPs = 10.88.1.2/32
+```
+
+Configure wg-quick@wg0 on the application server as follows.
+** The magic is in the `AllowedIPs` value. **
+```conf
+[Interface]
+Address = 10.88.1.2/24
+PrivateKey = <private key> 
+
+[Peer]
+PublicKey = <public key>
+AllowedIPs = 10.0.88.0/24,10.0.8.0/24
+Endpoint = 192.168.1.88:4444
+PersistentKeepalive = 25
+```
+
+## Next Step
+The next step, not represented in the diagram, is to attach your
+application server to a second wireguard tunnel such that it can be
+reached from your client devices.
+
+Note that you can also double-nat the application server in this scheme, because why not?
+Everything happens inside wireguard tunnels. In my diagram the application server
+is an virtual machine that is double-natted on an `libvirt` subnet.

mkdocs.yml

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ markdown_extensions:
 nav:
   - Home:
     - Home: index.md
+    - "Sandbox IOT Network": posts/sandbox-iot-network.md
     - "QuasselCore on Debian 11": posts/quasselcore-on-debian-11.md
     - "Forklift Upgrade Arch Linux To A Dell Precision 3561": posts/forklift-upgrade-arch-linux-precision-3561.md
     - "Ansible KVM Router Lab Part 6": posts/ansible-kvm-router-lab-part-6.md
@@ -71,6 +72,7 @@ nav:
     - FreeCodeCampChallenges: https://trentspalmer.github.io/fcc-challenges/
     - DeviceLayout: https://trentpalmer.work/6a57bbe24d8244289610bf57533d6c6f/
   - Posts:
+    - "Sandbox IOT Network": posts/sandbox-iot-network.md
     - "QuasselCore on Debian 11": posts/quasselcore-on-debian-11.md
     - "Forklift Upgrade Arch Linux To A Dell Precision 3561": posts/forklift-upgrade-arch-linux-precision-3561.md
     - "Ansible KVM Router Lab Part 6": posts/ansible-kvm-router-lab-part-6.md