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<h1>Faster Partitioning With sgdisk</h1>
<p>date: 2019-02-11T04:23:52-08:00</p>
<h2 id="disclaimer"><strong>Disclaimer</strong></h2>
<p>If any of this is wrong, let me know so I can fix it. No actual hard drives were harmed in the production of this blog post.</p>
<p>The examples are easier to read if you turn your smart phone sideways.</p>
<h2 id="command-line-is-faster"><strong>Command Line Is Faster</strong></h2>
<p>Sure you can partition your discs using a GUI disk management application or an interactive,
menu-driven terminal interface. But the command line is faster.</p>
<h2 id="gdisk-vs-sgdisk"><strong>gdisk vs sgdisk</strong></h2>
<p><code>sgdisk</code> is the scriptable version of <code>gdisk</code> (gptfdisk).</p>
<h2 id="what-the-manpage-says"><strong><a href="https://manpages.debian.org/stretch/gdisk/sgdisk.8.en.html" target="_blank">what the manpage says</a></strong></h2>
<p>If you’re familiar with <code>gdisk</code>, you probably know how to interactively set the partition size and type.
If you look at the man page for <code>sgdisk</code> you see that the relevant flags are <code>-n</code> and <code>-t</code>. The beginning and ending numbers
are absolute, unless you prepend them with a <code>+</code> or <code>-</code> sign, in which case they become relative.
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="gp">#</span> For New Partition:
<span class="go">-n, --new=partnum:start:end</span>
</code></pre></div>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="gp">#</span> Change partition type:
<span class="go">-t, --typecode=partnum:{hexcode|GUID}</span>
</code></pre></div></p>
<h2 id="example-with-separate-efi-and-partitions"><strong>Example with Separate EFI and / Partitions</strong></h2>
<p>BTW, <code>gdisk</code> is a partitioning tool intended to be used with a gpt partition table, so the assumption is that you would want an efi partition,</p>
<p>(although the efi partition does not have to be on the disk you are partitioning or even on the same disk where your other system partitions are).</p>
<ol>
<li>Wipe any leftover filesystem metadata with wipefs.
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">wipefs --all /dev/sdx</span>
</code></pre></div></li>
<li>Create a new GPT partition table.
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">sgdisk /dev/sdx -o</span>
</code></pre></div></li>
<li>Create an efi partition of 512MB by specifying the end of the partition (relative) and the partition type, <code>ef00</code>.
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">sgdisk /dev/sdx -n 1::+512MiB -t 1:ef00</span>
</code></pre></div></li>
<li>Create an <code>/</code> partition using the remainder of the disk, by not specifying the end or the beginning or partition type, which defaults to 8300.
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">sgdisk /dev/sdx -n 2</span>
</code></pre></div></li>
<li>Format the efi partition fat 32.
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">mkfs.vfat -F32 /dev/sdx1</span>
</code></pre></div></li>
<li>Format the <code>/</code> partition ext4.
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdx2</span>
</code></pre></div></li>
</ol>
<h2 id="practice-with-a-sparse-image"><strong>Practice With A Sparse Image</strong></h2>
<p>If you don’t want to partition a real hard drive, you can practice using an sparse image file, instead.
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="gp">#</span> create a sparse image file
<span class="go">truncate -S 100G practiceImage.img</span>
<span class="gp">#</span> partition the image file with sgdisk
<span class="go">sgdisk practiceImage.img -o</span>
<span class="gp">#</span> etc
</code></pre></div></p>
<h2 id="example-with-separate-boot-efi-and-luks-encrypted-partitions"><strong>Example with Separate /boot, EFI, and luks-encrypted / Partitions</strong></h2>
<ol>
<li>Wipe any leftover filesystem metadata with <code>wipefs</code>.
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">wipefs --all /dev/sdx</span>
</code></pre></div></li>
<li>Create a new GPT partition table.
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">sgdisk /dev/sdx -o</span>
</code></pre></div></li>
<li>Create an efi partition of 512MB by specifying the end of the partition (relative) and the partition type, <code>ef00</code>.
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">sgdisk /dev/sdx -n 1::+512MiB -t 1:ef00</span>
</code></pre></div></li>
<li>Create a <code>/boot</code> partition of 1GB, by specifying the end of the partition (relative), but not specifying the partition type which defaults to <code>8300</code>.
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">sgdisk /dev/sdx -n 2::+1GiB</span>
</code></pre></div></li>
<li>Create an <code>/</code> partition using the remainder of the disk, by not specifying the end or the beginning or partition type, which defaults to <code>8300</code>.
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">sgdisk /dev/sdx -n 3</span>
</code></pre></div></li>
<li>Format the efi partition fat 32.
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">mkfs.vfat -F32 /dev/sdx1</span>
</code></pre></div></li>
<li>Format the <code>/boot</code> partition ext4.
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdx2</span>
</code></pre></div></li>
<li>Encrypt the <code>/</code> partition.
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">cryptsetup -y -v luksFormat --type luks2 /dev/sdx3</span>
</code></pre></div></li>
<li>Decrypt the <code>/</code> device.
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">cryptsetup open /dev/sdx3 cryptroot</span>
</code></pre></div></li>
<li>Format the <code>/</code> device.
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">mkfs.xfs /dev/mapper/cryptroot</span>
</code></pre></div></li>
</ol>
<h2 id="what-about-swap"><strong>What About Swap?</strong></h2>
<p>I prefer to use a swap file inside the luks-encrypted / partition. But you can make a separate swap partition if you like.</p>
<h2 id="example-with-2gb-swap-partition"><strong>Example with 2GB swap partition</strong></h2>
<ol>
<li>Wipe the disc.
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">wipefs --all /dev/sdx</span>
</code></pre></div></li>
<li>Create a new GPT partition table.
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">sgdisk /dev/sdx -o</span>
</code></pre></div></li>
<li>Create an EFI partition.
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">sgdisk /dev/sdx -n 1::+512MiB -t 1:ef00</span>
</code></pre></div></li>
<li>Create a <code>/boot</code> partition.
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">sgdisk /dev/sdx -n 2::+1GiB</span>
</code></pre></div></li>
<li>Create a <code>/</code> partition with a relative negative end.
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">sgdisk /dev/sdx -n 3::-2GiB</span>
</code></pre></div></li>
<li>Create a swap partion type <code>8200</code>.
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">sgdisk /dev/sdx -n 4 -t 4:8200</span>
</code></pre></div></li>
<li>format the partitions.
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">mkfs.vfat -F32 /dev/sdx1</span>
<span class="go">mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdx2</span>
<span class="go">mkfs.xfs /dev/sdx3</span>
<span class="go">mkswap /dev/sdx4</span>
</code></pre></div></li>
</ol>
<h2 id="conclusion"><strong>Conclusion</strong></h2>
<ul>
<li>Good luck to you.</li>
<li>Backup your data first.</li>
<li>Kind Regards, Trent</li>
</ul>
</article>
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