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<li>
<a href="tools-that-love-you/" target="_blank">Build a Product Landing Page - Tools That Love You - Responsive Web Design Projects</a>
</li>
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<a href="lmde-3-disk-encryption/" target="_blank">Build a Product Landing Page - LMDE 3 Disk Encryption - Responsive Web Design Projects</a>
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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-GJzZqFGwb1QTTN6wy59ffF1BuGJpLSa9DkKMp0DgiMDm4iYMj70gZWKYbI706tWS" crossorigin="anonymous">
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<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="lmde-3-disk-encryption.css">
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.11.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="lmde-3-disk-encryption.js"></script>
<title>LMDE 3 Disk Encryption - Build a Technical Document Page - Responsive Web Design Projects</title>
</head>
<body>
<div>
<script src="https://cdn.freecodecamp.org/testable-projects-fcc/v1/bundle.js"></script>
</div><br>
<div class="nav-container">
<nav id="navbar">
<header>
<a class="nav-title" href="#"><h1>LMDE 3 with Disk Encryption</h1></a>
</header>
<a class="nav-link" href="#Introduction"><h2>Introduction</h2></a>
<a class="nav-link" href="#Prepare_The_Installation_Media"><h2>Prepare The Installation Media</h2></a>
<a class="nav-link" href="#Boot_The_Install_Disc"><h2>Boot The Install Disc</h2></a>
<a class="nav-link" href="#Partition_The_Hard_Drive"><h2>Partition The Hard Drive</h2></a>
<a class="nav-link" href="#Mount_The_Hard_Drive"><h2>Mount The Hard Drive</h2></a>
<a class="nav-link" href="#Run_The_Installer_App"><h2>Run The Installer App</h2></a>
<a class="nav-link" href="#Configure_Fstab"><h2>Configure Fstab</h2></a>
<a class="nav-link" href="#Configure_Crypttab"><h2>Configure Crypttab</h2></a>
<a class="nav-link" href="#Resume_Installer_App"><h2>Resume Installer App</h2></a>
<a class="nav-link" href="#UEFI_Fix"><h2>UEFI Fix</h2></a>
<a class="nav-link" href="#Optional_Swap_File"><h2>Optional Swap File</h2></a>
</nav>
</div>
<div class="main-container">
<main id="main-doc">
<!-- Section -->
<!-- Section -->
<!-- Section -->
<section id="Introduction" class="main-section">
<header><h2>Introduction</h2></header>
<p class="main-left-indent">
Linux Mint Debian Edition is the alternate version of Linux Mint, but built on a Debian base. The result is
quite pleasant: the stability of desktop Debian, but with the rough edges polished smooth, nicely configured
fonts and ui, and all the multi-media codecs included.</p>
<p class="main-left-indent">
Unfortunately, the LMDE 3 installer does not support disk encryption, but manually setting this up by hand
is pretty straightforward. On the other hand, manually setting up your partitions by hand allows extra
freedom and flexibility, and so I have chosen a simple luks-encrypted "/" partition formatted xfs.</p>
<p class="main-left-indent">
As far as swap is concerned, my preference is to use a swap file instead of a swap partition. Having a swap
file instead of a swap partition is more flexible because obviously you can easily recreate a different size
swap file whenever you like (or use none at all), and the encryption requires no extra set up because the "/"
partition is encrypted anyway.</p>
<p class="main-left-indent">
Will this work with a dual-boot set up? Of course! Because you have to manually configure the partitions anyway,
just arrange them exactly how you would need for dual-boot.
</p>
<p class="main-left-indent">
Assumes uefi-configured boot, with separate partitions for /boot formatted ext4, /boot/efi formatted fat32,
and a regular luks-encrypted partition for "/" formatted xfs.
</p>
</section>
<!-- Section -->
<!-- Section -->
<!-- Section -->
<section id="Prepare_The_Installation_Media" class="main-section">
<header><h2>Prepare The Installation Media</h2></header>
<p class="main-left-indent">
Visit the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.linuxmint.com">Linux Mint Website</a> and
<a target="_blank" href="https://www.linuxmint.com/edition.php?id=259">download</a> the iso file for LMDE 3 64bit. Download from
torrents if possible, to save bandwidth.
</p>
<ul>
<li>verify the sha256 sum of the iso file<br>
<code>sha256sum lmde-3-201808-cinnamon-64bit.iso</code>
</li>
</ul>
<p class="main-left-indent">
Identify the thumb drive you are going to install from.
</p>
<ul>
<li>type <code>lsblk</code>, note the output, and then insert the thumb drive</li>
<li>then type <code>lsblk</code> again and note the <em>additional output</em></li>
</ul>
<pre class="main-left-indent"># lsblk /dev/sdb
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sdb 8:32 1 14.5G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:33 1 3.4G 0 part /media/trent/Debian 9.6.0 amd64 1
└─sdb2 8:34 1 416K 0 part</pre>
<p class="main-left-indent">
In the above example output we see that our thumb drive is identified as /dev/sdb,
and partition <em>/dev/sdb1</em> is automatically mounted.
</p>
<p class="main-left-indent">
Take special care that you have accurately identified the thumb drive before proceeding.
For the sake of example, we will proceed on the assumption that our thumb drive is
identified as /dev/sdb, but you need to compensate accordingly.
</p>
<ul>
<li>unmount any partition of the thumb drive that are automatically mounted<br>
<code>umount /dev/sdb1</code>
</li>
<li>write the disk image to the thumb drive<br>
<code>ddrescue -D --force lmde-3-201808-cinnamon-64bit.iso /dev/sdb</code>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<!-- Section -->
<!-- Section -->
<!-- Section -->
<section id="Boot_The_Install_Disc" class="main-section">
<header><h2>Boot The Install Disc</h2></header>
<ul>
<li>boot into bios to disable fastboot and secureboot</li>
<li>invoke your machine's device boot menu and boot the install disc in uefi mode</li>
<li>confirm that you have booted in uefi mode by listing efivars<br>
<code>ls /sys/firmware/efi/vars</code>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<!-- Section -->
<!-- Section -->
<!-- Section -->
<section id="Partition_The_Hard_Drive" class="main-section">
<header><h2>Partition The Hard Drive</h2></header>
<p class="main-left-indent">
If you recall we are assuming the target hard drive is /dev/sda, as an example.
So, make adjustments as necessary.</p>
<p class="main-left-indent">
If you would rather use a different partition tool, make sure the efi partition
is an efi partition type, and you definitely need a separate /boot partition.</p>
<ul>
<li>if needed you can clear the drive with wipefs<br>
<code>wipefs --all /dev/sda</code>
</li>
<li>create a new partition table for /dev/sda<br>
<code>sgdisk /dev/sda -o</code>
</li>
<li>create a new efi partition for /dev/sda<br>
<code>sgdisk /dev/sda --new=1::+512MiB --typecode=1:ef00</code>
</li>
<li>create a new /boot partition for /dev/sda<br>
<code>sgdisk /dev/sda --new=2::+1G</code>
</li>
<li>create a new / partition for /dev/sda<br>
<code>sgdisk /dev/sda --new=3</code>
</li>
<li>verify your partition work<br>
<code>sgdisk /dev/sda -p</code>
</li>
<li>format the efi partition<br>
<code>makefs.vfat -F32 /dev/sda1</code>
</li>
<li>format the /boot partition<br>
<code>makefs.ext4 /dev/sda2</code>
</li>
<li>encrypt the / partition, you will be prompted for a password<br>
<code>cryptsetup -y -v luksFormat --type luks2 /dev/sda3</code>
</li>
<li>decrypt the / partition, you will be prompted for a password<br>
<code>cryptsetup open /dev/sda3 cryptroot</code>
</li>
<li>format the / device<br>
<code>makefs.xfs /dev/mapper/cryptroot</code>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<!-- Section -->
<!-- Section -->
<!-- Section -->
<section id="Mount_The_Hard_Drive" class="main-section">
<header><h2>Mount The Hard Drive</h2></header>
<p class="main-left-indent">
This takes advantage of <em>expert mode</em> in the LMDE installer.</p>
<ul>
<li>create an /target directory<br>
<code>mkdir /target</code>
</li>
<li>mount the "/" device at /target<br>
<code>mount /dev/mapper/cryptroot /target</code>
</li>
<li>create an /target/boot directory<br>
<code>mkdir /target/boot</code>
</li>
<li>mount the /boot partition at /target/boot<br>
<code>mount /dev/sda2 /target/boot</code>
</li>
<li>create an /target/boot/efi directory<br>
<code>mkdir /target/boot/efi</code>
</li>
<li>mount the efi partition at /target/boot/efi<br>
<code>mount /dev/sda1 /target/boot/efi</code>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<!-- Section -->
<!-- Section -->
<!-- Section -->
<section id="Run_The_Installer_App" class="main-section">
<header><h2>Run The Installer App</h2></header>
<p class="main-left-indent">
At this point you're ready to run the live installer. You can click the disc
icon on the desktop.</p>
<p class="main-left-indent">
The first three pages of the live-installer cover Language,Timezone, and Keymap.
The fourth page of the live-installer covers name, password, and hostname.
On the fifth page of the live-installer, you come to a partition configuration page.
But there is nothing to do, so select <em>expert mode</em> at the bottom of the page.
</p>
<p class="main-left-indent">
Again select <em>forward</em>, and when you come to the page where you configure the
location to install grub, that should be the efi partition, i.e. <em>/dev/sda1</em>.</p>
<p class="main-left-indent">
Select <em>forward</em> one more time, and then select <em>install</em>.
The installation will run for a few minutes and will then pause. During the pause you need
to manually configure fstab and crypttab.</p>
</section>
<!-- Section -->
<!-- Section -->
<!-- Section -->
<section id="Configure_Fstab" class="main-section">
<header><h2>Configure Fstab</h2></header>
<ul>
<li>find the UUID of the efi partition<br>
<code>blkid /dev/sda1 -s UUID</code>
</li>
<li>find the UUID of the /boot partition<br>
<code>blkid /dev/sda2 -s UUID</code>
</li>
<li>find the UUID of the "/" device<br>
<code>blkid /dev/mapper/cryptroot -s UUID</code>
</li>
</ul>
<p class="main-left-indent">
And when you find the correct UUID numbers, use them to
configure <em>/etc/fstab</em> which is actually currently at <em>/target/etc/fstab</em>.</p>
<pre class="main-left-indent" id="etc-fstab"># /etc/fstab
###############
# efi partition
# run the command `blkid /dev/sda1 -s UUID` which outputs
# /dev/sda1: UUID="17C4-215D", from which derive
UUID=17C4-215D /boot/efi vfat defaults 0 2
# /boot partition
# run the command `blkid /dev/sda2 -s UUID` which outputs
# /dev/sda2: UUID="f2509fff-4854-4721-b546-0274c89e6aec", from which derive
UUID=f2509fff-4854-4721-b546-0274c89e6aec /boot ext4 defaults 0 2
# "/" device
# run the command `blkid /dev/mapper/cryptroot -s UUID` which outputs
# /dev/mapper/cryptroot: UUID="72241377-cd65-43a6-8363-1afce5bd93f6", from which derive
UUID=72241377-cd65-43a6-8363-1afce5bd93f6 / xfs defaults 0 1</pre>
<button onclick="copyToClipboard('#etc-fstab')">copy example fstab</button>
</section>
<!-- Section -->
<!-- Section -->
<!-- Section -->
<section id="Configure_Crypttab" class="main-section">
<header><h2>Configure Crypttab</h2></header>
<p class="main-left-indent">
But before the file systems can be mounted, crypttab needs to mount <em>/dev/sda3</em>
at <em>/dev/mapper/cryptroot</em>.
Configure <em>/etc/crypttab</em> which is actually currently at <em>/target/etc/crypttab</em>
<ul>
<li>find the UUID of the partition that will be mounted at /dev/mapper/crypttab<br>
<code>blkid /dev/sda3 -s UUID</code>
</li>
</ul>
<p class="main-left-indent">
And when you find the correct UUID number for /dev/sda3, use that to
configure <em>/etc/crypttab</em> which is actually currently at <em>/target/etc/crypttab</em>.</p>
<pre class="main-left-indent" id="etc-crypttab"># /etc/crypttab
# run the command `blkid /dev/sda3 -s UUID` which outputs
# /dev/sdb3: UUID="da3e0967-711f-4159-85ac-7d5743a75201", from which derive
# &lt;target name&gt; &lt;source device&gt; &lt;key file&gt; &lt;options&gt;
cryptroot UUID=da3e0967-711f-4159-85ac-7d5743a75201 none luks</pre>
<button onclick="copyToClipboard('#etc-crypttab')">copy example crypttab</button>
</section>
<section id="Resume_Installer_App" class="main-section">
<header><h2>Resume Installer App</h2></header>
<p class="main-left-indent">
At this point finish running the live installer, and you'll be done.</p>
</section>
<section id="UEFI_Fix" class="main-section">
<header><h2>UEFI Fix</h2></header>
<p class="main-left-indent">
On some machines, such as HP Laptops, UEFI is broken and efi boot entries don't persist.</p>
<ul>
<li>remount the efi parition<br>
<code>mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/ ; cd /mnt/EFI/</code>
</li>
<li>create a default efi executable<br>
<code>mkdir BOOT ; cp linuxmint/grubx64.efi BOOT/BOOTX64.efi</code>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="Optional_Swap_File" class="main-section">
<header><h2>Optional Swap File</h2></header>
<p class="main-left-indent">
Visit the <a target="_blank" href="https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Swap#Swap_file">Arch Wiki</a> and
they will hook you up.
</p>
</section>
</main>
</div>
</body>
</html>

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