151 lines
6.0 KiB
Markdown
151 lines
6.0 KiB
Markdown
# Apt Pinning Artful Aardvark Packages in Xenial Xerus
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You want to set up apt-pinning so that you can explicitly install packages from
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*artful*, on your *xenial* machine, but you also want to be able to issue the command
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`apt-get dist-upgrade` and have nothing automatically upgrade from *xenial* to *artful*.
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In order to get this to work you have to edit three files. The first file is
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`/etc/apt/sources.list`. Make a double length version of the file, with the second
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half of the file describing the *artful* equivalent of the *xenial* repos.
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Like this.
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```conf
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# /etc/apt/sources.list
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deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial main restricted
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deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial main restricted
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deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates main restricted
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deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates main restricted
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deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial universe
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deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial universe
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deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates universe
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deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates universe
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deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial multiverse
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deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial multiverse
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deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates multiverse
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deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates multiverse
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deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
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deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
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deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security main restricted
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deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security main restricted
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deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security universe
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deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security universe
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deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security multiverse
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deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security multiverse
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## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's
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## 'partner' repository.
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## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the
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## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users.
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# deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner
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# deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner
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deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful main restricted
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deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful main restricted
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deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful-updates main restricted
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deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful-updates main restricted
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deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful universe
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deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful universe
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deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful-updates universe
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deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful-updates universe
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deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful multiverse
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deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful multiverse
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deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful-updates multiverse
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deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful-updates multiverse
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deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful-backports main restricted universe multiverse
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deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful-backports main restricted universe multiverse
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deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful-security main restricted
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deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful-security main restricted
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deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful-security universe
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deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful-security universe
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deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful-security multiverse
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```
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Now create a new file `/etc/apt/preferences.d/xenial` with the
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following content.
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```conf
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Package: *
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Pin: release a=xenial
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Pin-Priority: 900
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```
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And create one more file `/etc/apt/preferences.d/artful` with the
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following content.
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```conf
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Package: *
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Pin: release a=artful
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Pin-Priority: 300
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```
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Actually, I'm not entirely certain these are the optimal apt-pinning
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priority numbers. There's a little bit of art to apt-pinning.
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So you can verify that nothing will automatically upgrade with the
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following command.
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```bash
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# the result of this command should be that nothing upgrades
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apt-get dist-upgrade
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```
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But let's suppose that you want to explicitly install a package, and
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hopefully the upgraded dependancies which it needs from *artful*.
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`apt-cache madison` is a useful command.
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```bash
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apt-cache madison weather-util
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# outputs the following
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weather-util | 2.3-2 | http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful/universe amd64 Packages
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weather-util | 2.0-1 | http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/universe amd64 Packages
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weather-util | 2.0-1 | http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/universe Sources
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weather-util | 2.3-2 | http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful/universe Sources
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```
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As you can see, two different version of *weather-util* are available (as
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well as two different source versions), one each from the *xenial*,
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and the *artful* repos.
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But if you type `apt-get install weather-util`, the old version from the *xenial*
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repo will be installed. The intended behaviour is entirely a matter of getting
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the apt-pinning priority numbers correct.
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To explicitly install the newer version of *weather-util*, and perhaps more
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importantly it's upgraded *weather-util-data* dependancy, use the following command.
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```bash
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apt-get -t artful install weather-util
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```
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But hold on, HOLD ON! The above command doesn't actually confirm what version is
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going to be installed, and you'd like to have one last look things over, so add
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the `-V` flag to your `apt-get` command.
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```bash
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root@xhost:~# apt-get -t artful install weather-util -V
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Reading package lists... Done
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Building dependency tree
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Reading state information... Done
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The following additional packages will be installed:
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weather-util-data (2.3-2)
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The following NEW packages will be installed:
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weather-util (2.3-2)
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weather-util-data (2.3-2)
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0 upgraded, 2 newly installed, 0 to remove and 389 not upgraded.
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Need to get 0 B/3375 kB of archives.
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After this operation, 3557 kB of additional disk space will be used.
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Do you want to continue? [Y/n]
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```
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That's what you're looking for.
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