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<h1>Clear Linux Encrypted xfs Root</h1>
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<p>date: 2019-04-13T21:44:37-07:00</p>
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<h2 id="nothing-to-it-burger"><strong>Nothing to-it Burger</strong></h2>
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<p>I had intended to create a technical explanation how to install Clear Linux with disk encryption,
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|
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<p>Previously, I had written down the steps needed
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<p>And indeed, a few months ago, the Clear Linux installer only supported xfs with disk encryption if you could
|
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<h1>Clear Linux Guest Virt Manager</h1>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>date: 2019-03-11T01:39:09-07:00</p>
|
||||
<h2 id="introduction"><strong>Introduction</strong></h2>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>download, convert, and resize the provided kvm-legacy image</li>
|
||||
<li>create a virtual machine and launch it from <code>virt-manager</code></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
<p>But it’s not immediately clear from the instructions if you can use <code>virt-manager</code>,
|
||||
because they recommend their script which runs <code>qemu-system-x86_64</code> directly.
|
||||
Which is fine, but maybe you find it easier to customize the options using the <code>virt-manager</code> gui interface.</p>
|
||||
<h2 id="how-to"><strong>How To</strong></h2>
|
||||
<p>Assuming you have <code>libvirt</code> and <code>kvm</code> set up with <code>virt-manager</code>, you can:</p>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>download the <a href="https://cdn.download.clearlinux.org/releases/current/clear/" target="_blank">clear-*-legacy-kvm.img.xz</a></li>
|
||||
<li>verify the checksum</li>
|
||||
<li>extract it <code>unxz clear-*-legacy-kvm.img.xz</code></li>
|
||||
<li><code>mv clear-*-legacy-kvm.img.xz /var/lib/libvirt/images/</code></li>
|
||||
<li>create a virtual machine in <code>virt-manager</code> using the image</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
<p>There is not an os template for Clear Linux, but <strong>Fedora29</strong> works fine for me.
|
||||
As a bonus, <code>virsh console</code> is configured and ready to go.</p>
|
||||
<h2 id="convert-raw-qcow2-and-resize"><strong>Convert Raw -> Qcow2 and Resize</strong></h2>
|
||||
<p>The image has a gpt partition table. I am not sure if that is the reason why,
|
||||
but <code>fdisk</code> does not seem to work for resizing the partition. However, <code>parted</code> works fine.</p>
|
||||
<p>The <a href="https://cdn.download.clearlinux.org/releases/current/clear/" target="_blank">image download</a> is an 8gb sparse raw image. You may wish to convert that to qcow2
|
||||
and and resize before creating the virtual machine. Here is how to do that.</p>
|
||||
<ol>
|
||||
<li>convert the sparse raw image to qcow2
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">qemu-img convert -f raw -O qcow2 clear*.img clear.qcow2</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div></li>
|
||||
<li>resize the image to taste
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">qemu-img resize clear.qcow2 20G</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div></li>
|
||||
<li>create the virtual machine in <code>virt-manager</code> gui</li>
|
||||
<li>boot the virtual machine: <code>virsh start clearvm</code></li>
|
||||
<li>log in: <code>virsh console clearvm</code></li>
|
||||
<li>install a bundle which contains <code>parted</code>
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">swupd bundle-add clr-installer</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div></li>
|
||||
<li>expand <code>/</code> partition and file system with <code>parted</code> and <code>resize2fs</code>
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">parted /dev/vda resizepart</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">></span> Fix/Ignore? Fix
|
||||
<span class="gp">></span> Partition number? <span class="m">1</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">></span> End? <span class="o">[</span>8590MB<span class="o">]</span>? <span class="m">100</span>%
|
||||
<span class="gp">></span> size2fs /dev/vda1
|
||||
</code></pre></div></li>
|
||||
</ol>
|
||||
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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Example with Separate /boot, EFI, and luks-encrypted / Partitions
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|
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|
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|
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gdisk vs sgdisk
|
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|
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what the manpage says
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
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|
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Practice With A Sparse Image
|
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="#example-with-separate-boot-efi-and-luks-encrypted-partitions" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
Example with Separate /boot, EFI, and luks-encrypted / Partitions
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="#what-about-swap" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
What About Swap?
|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="#example-with-2gb-swap-partition" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
Example with 2GB swap partition
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="#conclusion" class="md-nav__link">
|
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Conclusion
|
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||||
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<div class="md-content">
|
||||
<article class="md-content__inner md-typeset">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<h1>Faster Partitioning With sgdisk</h1>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>date: 2019-02-11T04:23:52-08:00</p>
|
||||
<h2 id="disclaimer"><strong>Disclaimer</strong></h2>
|
||||
<p>If any of this is wrong, let me know so I can fix it. No actual hard drives were harmed in the production of this blog post.</p>
|
||||
<p>The examples are easier to read if you turn your smart phone sideways.</p>
|
||||
<h2 id="command-line-is-faster"><strong>Command Line Is Faster</strong></h2>
|
||||
<p>Sure you can partition your discs using a GUI disk management application or an interactive,
|
||||
menu-driven terminal interface. But the command line is faster.</p>
|
||||
<h2 id="gdisk-vs-sgdisk"><strong>gdisk vs sgdisk</strong></h2>
|
||||
<p><code>sgdisk</code> is the scriptable version of <code>gdisk</code> (gptfdisk).</p>
|
||||
<h2 id="what-the-manpage-says"><strong><a href="https://manpages.debian.org/stretch/gdisk/sgdisk.8.en.html" target="_blank">what the manpage says</a></strong></h2>
|
||||
<p>If you’re familiar with <code>gdisk</code>, you probably know how to interactively set the partition size and type.
|
||||
If you look at the man page for <code>sgdisk</code> you see that the relevant flags are <code>-n</code> and <code>-t</code>. The beginning and ending numbers
|
||||
are absolute, unless you prepend them with a <code>+</code> or <code>-</code> sign, in which case they become relative.
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="gp">#</span> For New Partition:
|
||||
<span class="go">-n, --new=partnum:start:end</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div>
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="gp">#</span> Change partition type:
|
||||
<span class="go">-t, --typecode=partnum:{hexcode|GUID}</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div></p>
|
||||
<h2 id="example-with-separate-efi-and-partitions"><strong>Example with Separate EFI and / Partitions</strong></h2>
|
||||
<p>BTW, <code>gdisk</code> is a partitioning tool intended to be used with a gpt partition table, so the assumption is that you would want an efi partition,</p>
|
||||
<p>(although the efi partition does not have to be on the disk you are partitioning or even on the same disk where your other system partitions are).</p>
|
||||
<ol>
|
||||
<li>Wipe any leftover filesystem metadata with wipefs.
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">wipefs --all /dev/sdx</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div></li>
|
||||
<li>Create a new GPT partition table.
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">sgdisk /dev/sdx -o</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div></li>
|
||||
<li>Create an efi partition of 512MB by specifying the end of the partition (relative) and the partition type, <code>ef00</code>.
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">sgdisk /dev/sdx -n 1::+512MiB -t 1:ef00</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div></li>
|
||||
<li>Create an <code>/</code> partition using the remainder of the disk, by not specifying the end or the beginning or partition type, which defaults to 8300.
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">sgdisk /dev/sdx -n 2</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div></li>
|
||||
<li>Format the efi partition fat 32.
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">mkfs.vfat -F32 /dev/sdx1</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div></li>
|
||||
<li>Format the <code>/</code> partition ext4.
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdx2</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div></li>
|
||||
</ol>
|
||||
<h2 id="practice-with-a-sparse-image"><strong>Practice With A Sparse Image</strong></h2>
|
||||
<p>If you don’t want to partition a real hard drive, you can practice using an sparse image file, instead.
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="gp">#</span> create a sparse image file
|
||||
<span class="go">truncate -S 100G practiceImage.img</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">#</span> partition the image file with sgdisk
|
||||
<span class="go">sgdisk practiceImage.img -o</span>
|
||||
<span class="gp">#</span> etc
|
||||
</code></pre></div></p>
|
||||
<h2 id="example-with-separate-boot-efi-and-luks-encrypted-partitions"><strong>Example with Separate /boot, EFI, and luks-encrypted / Partitions</strong></h2>
|
||||
<ol>
|
||||
<li>Wipe any leftover filesystem metadata with <code>wipefs</code>.
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">wipefs --all /dev/sdx</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div></li>
|
||||
<li>Create a new GPT partition table.
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">sgdisk /dev/sdx -o</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div></li>
|
||||
<li>Create an efi partition of 512MB by specifying the end of the partition (relative) and the partition type, <code>ef00</code>.
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">sgdisk /dev/sdx -n 1::+512MiB -t 1:ef00</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div></li>
|
||||
<li>Create a <code>/boot</code> partition of 1GB, by specifying the end of the partition (relative), but not specifying the partition type which defaults to <code>8300</code>.
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">sgdisk /dev/sdx -n 2::+1GiB</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div></li>
|
||||
<li>Create an <code>/</code> partition using the remainder of the disk, by not specifying the end or the beginning or partition type, which defaults to <code>8300</code>.
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">sgdisk /dev/sdx -n 3</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div></li>
|
||||
<li>Format the efi partition fat 32.
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">mkfs.vfat -F32 /dev/sdx1</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div></li>
|
||||
<li>Format the <code>/boot</code> partition ext4.
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdx2</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div></li>
|
||||
<li>Encrypt the <code>/</code> partition.
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">cryptsetup -y -v luksFormat --type luks2 /dev/sdx3</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div></li>
|
||||
<li>Decrypt the <code>/</code> device.
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">cryptsetup open /dev/sdx3 cryptroot</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div></li>
|
||||
<li>Format the <code>/</code> device.
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">mkfs.xfs /dev/mapper/cryptroot</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div></li>
|
||||
</ol>
|
||||
<h2 id="what-about-swap"><strong>What About Swap?</strong></h2>
|
||||
<p>I prefer to use a swap file inside the luks-encrypted / partition. But you can make a separate swap partition if you like.</p>
|
||||
<h2 id="example-with-2gb-swap-partition"><strong>Example with 2GB swap partition</strong></h2>
|
||||
<ol>
|
||||
<li>Wipe the disc.
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">wipefs --all /dev/sdx</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div></li>
|
||||
<li>Create a new GPT partition table.
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">sgdisk /dev/sdx -o</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div></li>
|
||||
<li>Create an EFI partition.
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">sgdisk /dev/sdx -n 1::+512MiB -t 1:ef00</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div></li>
|
||||
<li>Create a <code>/boot</code> partition.
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">sgdisk /dev/sdx -n 2::+1GiB</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div></li>
|
||||
<li>Create a <code>/</code> partition with a relative negative end.
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">sgdisk /dev/sdx -n 3::-2GiB</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div></li>
|
||||
<li>Create a swap partion type <code>8200</code>.
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">sgdisk /dev/sdx -n 4 -t 4:8200</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div></li>
|
||||
<li>format the partitions.
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">mkfs.vfat -F32 /dev/sdx1</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdx2</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">mkfs.xfs /dev/sdx3</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">mkswap /dev/sdx4</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div></li>
|
||||
</ol>
|
||||
<h2 id="conclusion"><strong>Conclusion</strong></h2>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>Good luck to you.</li>
|
||||
<li>Backup your data first.</li>
|
||||
<li>Kind Regards, Trent</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
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<h1>Linux Move Cursor With Keyboard</h1>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>date: 2020-06-21T22:01:35-07:00</p>
|
||||
<h2 id="introduction"><strong>Introduction</strong></h2>
|
||||
<p>Linux just makes everything so easy. On a laptop it can be tricky to place your
|
||||
mouse cursor on exactly the correct pixel, using the touchpad.
|
||||
This became apparent to myself while using GIMP to create some png button files
|
||||
for a little tkinter project, but there must be other use-cases as well.</p>
|
||||
<h2 id="xdo-commands-for-moving-the-cursor"><strong>xdo commands for moving the cursor</strong></h2>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>move the cursor one pixel left:
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">xdotool mousemove_relative -- -1 0</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div></li>
|
||||
<li>move the cursor one pixel right:
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">xdotool mousemove_relative -- 1 0</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div></li>
|
||||
<li>move the cursor one pixel up:
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">xdotool mousemove_relative -- 0 -1</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div></li>
|
||||
<li>move the cursor one pixel down:
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">xdotool mousemove_relative -- 0 1</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
<h2 id="map-keyboard-shortcuts"><strong>map keyboard shortcuts</strong></h2>
|
||||
<p>Now, in your keyboard settings, map the above commands to new custom shortcuts.
|
||||
For instance, I find the</p>
|
||||
<p><span class="keys"><kbd class="key-control">Ctrl</kbd><span>+</span><kbd class="key-super">Super</kbd><span>+</span><kbd class="key-arrow-up">Up</kbd></span></p>
|
||||
<p><span class="keys"><kbd class="key-control">Ctrl</kbd><span>+</span><kbd class="key-super">Super</kbd><span>+</span><kbd class="key-arrow-down">Down</kbd></span></p>
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|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../simplified-raspberry-streaming/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
Simplified Raspberry Streaming
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../linux-move-cursor-with-keyboard/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
Linux Move Cursor With Keyboard
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</nav>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="nav-2" type="checkbox" id="nav-2" >
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="nav-2">
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Links
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Links" data-md-level="1">
|
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="nav-2">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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Links
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
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|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../../links/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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Links
|
||||
</a>
|
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</li>
|
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|
||||
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</nav>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</nav>
|
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</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="md-sidebar md-sidebar--secondary" data-md-component="toc">
|
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<div class="md-sidebar__scrollwrap">
|
||||
<div class="md-sidebar__inner">
|
||||
|
||||
<nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="Table of contents">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__toc">
|
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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Table of contents
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="#introduction" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
Introduction
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="#prepare-the-installation-media" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
Prepare The Installation Media
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="#boot-the-install-disc" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
Boot The Install Disc
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="#partition-the-hard-drive" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
Partition The Hard Drive
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="#mount-the-hard-drive" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
Mount The Hard Drive
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="#run-the-installer-app" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
Run The Installer App
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="#configure-fstab" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
Configure Fstab
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="#configure-crypttab" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
Configure Crypttab
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="#resume-installer-app" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
Resume Installer App
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="#uefi-fix" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
UEFI Fix
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="#optional-swap-file" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
Optional Swap File
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
</nav>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="md-content">
|
||||
<article class="md-content__inner md-typeset">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<h1>LMDE3 xfs Full Disk Encryption</h1>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>date: 2019-01-25T23:25:36-08:00</p>
|
||||
<h2 id="introduction"><strong>Introduction</strong></h2>
|
||||
<p>Linux Mint Debian Edition is the alternate version of Linux Mint, but built on a Debian base. The result is quite pleasant: the
|
||||
stability of desktop Debian, but with the rough edges polished smooth, nicely configured fonts and ui, and all the multi-media codecs included.</p>
|
||||
<p>Unfortunately, the LMDE 3 installer does not support disk encryption, but manually setting this up by hand is pretty straightforward.
|
||||
On the other hand, manually setting up your partitions by hand allows extra freedom and flexibility,
|
||||
and so I have chosen a simple luks-encrypted <code>/</code> partition formatted xfs.</p>
|
||||
<p>As far as swap is concerned, my preference is to use a swap file instead of a swap partition. Having a swap file instead of a swap partition is more flexible because obviously you can easily recreate a
|
||||
different size swap file whenever you like (or use none at all), and the encryption requires no extra set up because the <code>/</code> partition is encrypted anyway.</p>
|
||||
<p>Will this work with a dual-boot set up? Of course! Because you have to manually configure the partitions anyway, just arrange them exactly how you would need for dual-boot.</p>
|
||||
<p>Assumes uefi-configured boot, with separate partitions for <code>/boot</code> formatted ext4, <code>/boot/efi</code> formatted fat32, and a regular luks-encrypted partition for <code>/</code> formatted xfs.</p>
|
||||
<h2 id="prepare-the-installation-media"><strong>Prepare The Installation Media</strong></h2>
|
||||
<p>Visit the <a href="https://www.linuxmint.com/" target="_blank">Linux Mint Website</a>
|
||||
and <a href="https://www.linuxmint.com/edition.php?id=259" target="_blank">download</a> the iso file for LMDE 3 64bit. Download from torrents if possible, to save bandwidth.</p>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>verify the sha256 sum of the iso file
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">sha256sum lmde-3-201808-cinnamon-64bit.iso</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
<p>Identify the thumb drive you are going to install from.</p>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>type <code>lsblk</code>, note the output, and then insert the thumb drive</li>
|
||||
<li>then type <code>lsblk</code> again and note the <em>additional output</em></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code># lsblk /dev/sdb
|
||||
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
|
||||
sdb 8:32 1 14.5G 0 disk
|
||||
├─sdb1 8:33 1 3.4G 0 part /media/trent/Debian 9.6.0 amd64
|
||||
└─sdb2 8:34 1 416K 0 part
|
||||
</code></pre></div>
|
||||
<p>In the above example output we see that our thumb drive is identified as <code>/dev/sdb</code>, and partition <code>/dev/sdb1</code> is automatically mounted.</p>
|
||||
<p>Take special care that you have accurately identified the thumb drive before proceeding. For the sake of example,
|
||||
we will proceed on the assumption that our thumb drive is identified as <code>/dev/sdb</code>, but you need to compensate accordingly.</p>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>unmount any partition of the thumb drive that are automatically mounted
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">umount /dev/sdb1</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div></p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
<li>
|
||||
<p>write the disk image to the thumb drive
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">ddrescue -D --force lmde-3-201808-cinnamon-64bit.iso /dev/sdb</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div></p>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
<h2 id="boot-the-install-disc"><strong>Boot The Install Disc</strong></h2>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>boot into bios to disable fastboot and secureboot</li>
|
||||
<li>invoke your machine's device boot menu and boot the install disc in uefi mode</li>
|
||||
<li>confirm that you have booted in uefi mode by listing efivars
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">ls /sys/firmware/efi/vars</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
<h2 id="partition-the-hard-drive"><strong>Partition The Hard Drive</strong></h2>
|
||||
<p>If you recall we are assuming the target hard drive is <code>/dev/sda</code>, as an example. So, make adjustments as necessary.</p>
|
||||
<p>If you would rather use a different partition tool, make sure the efi partition is an efi partition type, and you definitely need a separate <code>/boot</code> partition.</p>
|
||||
<ol>
|
||||
<li>if needed you can clear the drive with wipefs
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">wipefs --all /dev/sda</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div></li>
|
||||
<li>create a new partition table for <code>/dev/sda</code>
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">sgdisk /dev/sda -o</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div></li>
|
||||
<li>create a new efi partition for <code>/dev/sda</code>
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">sgdisk /dev/sda --new=1::+512MiB --typecode=1:ef00</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div></li>
|
||||
<li>create a new <code>/boot</code> partition for <code>/dev/sda</code>
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">sgdisk /dev/sda --new=2::+1G</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div></li>
|
||||
<li>create a new <code>/</code> partition for <code>/dev/sda</code>
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">sgdisk /dev/sda --new=3</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div></li>
|
||||
<li>verify your partition work
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">sgdisk /dev/sda -p</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div></li>
|
||||
<li>format the efi partition
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">mkfs.vfat -F32 /dev/sda1</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div></li>
|
||||
<li>format the /boot partition
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda2</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div></li>
|
||||
<li>encrypt the <code>/</code> partition, you will be prompted for a password
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">cryptsetup -y -v luksFormat --type luks2 /dev/sda3</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div></li>
|
||||
<li>decrypt the <code>/</code> partition, you will be prompted for a password
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">cryptsetup open /dev/sda3 cryptroot</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div></li>
|
||||
<li>format the <code>/</code> device
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">mkfs.xfs /dev/mapper/cryptroot</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div></li>
|
||||
</ol>
|
||||
<h2 id="mount-the-hard-drive"><strong>Mount The Hard Drive</strong></h2>
|
||||
<p>This takes advantage of <em>expert mode</em> in the LMDE installer.</p>
|
||||
<ol>
|
||||
<li>create an <code>/target</code> directory
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">mkdir /target</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div></li>
|
||||
<li>mount the <code>/</code> device at <code>/target</code>
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">mount /dev/mapper/cryptroot /target</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div></li>
|
||||
<li>create an <code>/target/boot</code> directory
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">mkdir /target/boot</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div></li>
|
||||
<li>mount the <code>/boot</code> partition at <code>/target/boot</code>
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">mount /dev/sda2 /target/boot</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div></li>
|
||||
<li>create an <code>/target/boot/efi</code> directory
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">mkdir /target/boot/efi</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div></li>
|
||||
<li>mount the efi partition at <code>/target/boot/efi</code>
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">mount /dev/sda1 /target/boot/efi</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div></li>
|
||||
</ol>
|
||||
<h2 id="run-the-installer-app"><strong>Run The Installer App</strong></h2>
|
||||
<p>At this point you're ready to run the live installer. You can click the disc icon on the desktop.</p>
|
||||
<p>The first three pages of the live-installer cover Language,Timezone, and Keymap.
|
||||
The fourth page of the live-installer covers name, password, and hostname.
|
||||
On the fifth page of the live-installer, you come to a partition configuration page.
|
||||
But there is nothing to do, so select <em>expert mode</em> at the bottom of the page.</p>
|
||||
<p>Again select <em>forward</em>, and when you come to the page where you configure the location
|
||||
to install grub, that should be the efi partition, i.e. <code>/dev/sda1</code>.</p>
|
||||
<p>Select forward one more time, and then select install. The installation will run for a
|
||||
few minutes and will then pause. During the pause you need to manually configure <code>fstab</code> and <code>crypttab</code>.</p>
|
||||
<h2 id="configure-fstab"><strong>Configure Fstab</strong></h2>
|
||||
<ol>
|
||||
<li>find the UUID of the efi partition
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">blkid /dev/sda1 -s UUID</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div></li>
|
||||
<li>find the UUID of the <code>/boot</code> partition
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">blkid /dev/sda2 -s UUID</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div></li>
|
||||
<li>find the UUID of the <code>/</code> device
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">blkid /dev/mapper/cryptroot -s UUID</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div></li>
|
||||
</ol>
|
||||
<p>And when you find the correct UUID numbers, use them to configure <code>/etc/fstab</code> which is actually currently at <code>/target/etc/fstab</code>.
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code># /etc/fstab
|
||||
###############
|
||||
# efi partition
|
||||
# run the command `blkid /dev/sda1 -s UUID` which outputs
|
||||
# /dev/sda1: UUID="17C4-215D", from which derive
|
||||
UUID=17C4-215D /boot/efi vfat defaults 0 2
|
||||
|
||||
# /boot partition
|
||||
# run the command `blkid /dev/sda2 -s UUID` which outputs
|
||||
# /dev/sda2: UUID="f2509fff-4854-4721-b546-0274c89e6aec", from which derive
|
||||
UUID=f2509fff-4854-4721-b546-0274c89e6aec /boot ext4 defaults 0 2
|
||||
|
||||
# "/" device
|
||||
# run the command `blkid /dev/mapper/cryptroot -s UUID` which outputs
|
||||
# /dev/mapper/cryptroot: UUID="72241377-cd65-43a6-8363-1afce5bd93f6", from which derive
|
||||
UUID=72241377-cd65-43a6-8363-1afce5bd93f6 / xfs defaults 0 1
|
||||
</code></pre></div></p>
|
||||
<h2 id="configure-crypttab"><strong>Configure Crypttab</strong></h2>
|
||||
<p>But before the file systems can be mounted, <code>crypttab</code> needs to mount <code>/dev/sda3</code> at <code>/dev/mapper/cryptroot</code>.
|
||||
Configure <code>/etc/crypttab</code> which is actually currently at <code>/target/etc/crypttab</code></p>
|
||||
<ol>
|
||||
<li>find the UUID of the partition that will be mounted at <code>/dev/mapper/crypttab</code>
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">blkid /dev/sda3 -s UUID</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div></li>
|
||||
</ol>
|
||||
<p>And when you find the correct UUID number for <code>/dev/sda3</code>,
|
||||
use that to configure <code>/etc/crypttab</code> which is actually currently at <code>/target/etc/crypttab</code>.
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code># /etc/crypttab
|
||||
# run the command `blkid /dev/sda3 -s UUID` which outputs
|
||||
# /dev/sdb3: UUID="da3e0967-711f-4159-85ac-7d5743a75201", from which derive
|
||||
# <target name> <source device> <key file> <options>
|
||||
cryptroot UUID=da3e0967-711f-4159-85ac-7d5743a75201 none luks
|
||||
</code></pre></div></p>
|
||||
<h2 id="resume-installer-app"><strong>Resume Installer App</strong></h2>
|
||||
<p>At this point finish running the live installer, and you'll be done.</p>
|
||||
<h2 id="uefi-fix"><strong>UEFI Fix</strong></h2>
|
||||
<p>On some machines, such as HP Laptops, UEFI is broken and efi boot entries don't persist.</p>
|
||||
<ol>
|
||||
<li>remount the efi parition
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/ ; cd /mnt/EFI/</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div></li>
|
||||
<li>create a default efi executable
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">mkdir BOOT ; cp linuxmint/grubx64.efi BOOT/BOOTX64.efi</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div></li>
|
||||
</ol>
|
||||
<h2 id="optional-swap-file"><strong>Optional Swap File</strong></h2>
|
||||
<p>Visit the <a href="https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Swap#Swap_file" target="_blank">Arch Wiki</a> and they will hook you up.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</article>
|
||||
</div>
|
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</div>
|
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|
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|
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<p>date: 2019-01-25T01:02:57-08:00</p>
|
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<h2 id="ranking-hugo-themes-by-stars-commit-date"><strong>Ranking Hugo Themes by Stars, Commit Date</strong></h2>
|
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<p>A while back I was grazing the selfhosted subreddit, and noticed Hugo coming up in conversation.
|
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I recalled that hugo requires a third-party theme in order to function. But was a bit of a challenge,
|
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because how do you know what is a good Hugo theme?</p>
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<h2 id="first-version-in-bash"><strong>First Version in Bash</strong></h2>
|
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<p>I ended up writing a little bash script (now deprecated) that scrapes the Github api and generates a little report about Hugo themes.
|
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It basically curled json from the Github api, and parsed it with grep, awk, and sed, and eventually spat out a plain text file.</p>
|
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<h2 id="rewrite-in-python"><strong>Rewrite in Python</strong></h2>
|
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<p>It was about a year later that I decided to rewrite the script in Python, using sqlite as a database.
|
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I discovered how to use the python requests module, got some practice with sqlite,
|
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and discovered how to make conditional request against the Github api using ETags and ‘If-Modified-Since’ (ETags are easier).</p>
|
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<p>But this was my first time using python like this. And I have to tell you,
|
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<strong>it’s a lot moar fun than recursive fibonacci tutorials!</strong></p>
|
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<h2 id="building-an-html5-table-bootstrap-actually"><strong>Building an HTML5 Table (bootstrap, actually)</strong></h2>
|
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<p>By the time I had figured out how to collect the data I needed, I realized that I could simply generate an html table right in the python script.</p>
|
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<p><code>rank_hugo_themes.py</code> runs in a cronjob every night, and you can view
|
||||
<a href="https://trentsonlinedocs.xyz/hugo-themes-report/hugo-themes-report.html" target="_blank">Hugo Themes Report</a> here.</p>
|
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<p>And you can <a href="https://github.com/TrentSPalmer/hugo_themes_report" target="_blank">see the script on Github</a>.</p>
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Rewrite Hugo Themes Report in Python
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LMDE3 xfs Full Disk Encryption
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Faster Partitioning With sgdisk
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Clear Linux Encrypted xfs Root
|
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</a>
|
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<h1>Simplified Raspberry Streaming</h1>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>date: 2019-05-12T18:32:55-07:00</p>
|
||||
<h2 id="raspberrypi-is-a-great-mpd-appliance"><strong>RaspberryPi is a Great MPD Appliance</strong></h2>
|
||||
<p>I’m really pleased with the <a href="https://www.raspberrypi.org/" target="_blank">RaspberryPi</a> as an
|
||||
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_Player_Daemon" target="_blank">MPD</a> (music player daemon),
|
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appliance. I have it hooked up to the home surround-sound system via spdif,
|
||||
digital optical cable hat, btw, running
|
||||
<a href="https://www.hifiberry.com/products/digiplus/" target="_blank">Arch Linux ARM</a>, with
|
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the <code>/</code> file system on a dual-thumbdrive,
|
||||
<a href="https://btrfs.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/Using_Btrfs_with_Multiple_Devices" target="_blank">btrfs raid1 (mirror) device</a>.</p>
|
||||
<p>It plays music around the clock, reliably, without breaking a sweat.
|
||||
And the mpd daemon is easy to remote control,
|
||||
either from the command line with <a href="https://github.com/arybczak/ncmpcpp" target="_blank">ncmpcpp</a>,
|
||||
or using <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.gateshipone.malp&hl=en_US" target="_blank">M.A.L.P for Android</a>.</p>
|
||||
<h2 id="andor-as-an-internet-radio-streaming-client"><strong>And/Or as an Internet Radio Streaming Client</strong></h2>
|
||||
<p>The beauty of this setup it in the simplicity. All you have to do is create an plain text *m3u
|
||||
file with the address:port of the internet radio stream you want,
|
||||
and place that in <code>/var/lib/mpd/playlists</code> directory.</p>
|
||||
<p>You can find various internet radio lists on the internet, and many offer
|
||||
example *m3u playlist files that you can download. However, the important thing
|
||||
is that your m3u playlist file has to contain the exact streaming address,
|
||||
so if the m3u file you download points to a pls file,
|
||||
you may have to download that pls file to look for the streaming address.</p>
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